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This chapter describes how WAE Design simulates MPLS routing. All LSPs other than SR (segment routed) LSPs are routed like
RSVP LSPs. For MPLS simulation information specific to these types of LSPs, see RSVP-TE Simulation and Segment Routing Simulation.
LSPs are established under normal operation: that is, with failures not taken into account.
Any LSPs that are affected by the failures are rerouted. Depending on the LSP path settings, reroutes might involve moving
to a secondary path, dynamically rerouting the LSPs, or rerouting based on a segment list.
Demands are routed using the established LSPs using the specified IGP protocols given the specified failure scenarios.
LSP utilizations are calculated from the demand traffic using the specified traffic level.
This section contains the following topics:
LSP Types
SR LSPs—Segment routing LSPs, which do not use RSVP for routing. You can create SR LSPs using the WAE Design GUI. They are
identified with a Type property of SR. For more information, see Segment Routing Simulation.
RSVP LSPs—LSPs that are established through RSVP. These are commonly known as MPLS TE tunnels. WAE discovers RSVP LSPs, and
you can also create them using the WAE Design GUI. They are identified with a Type property of RSVP. For more information,
see RSVP-TE Simulation.
WAE Design does not model LDP tunnels as LSPs.
Creating and Visualizing LSPs and LSP Paths
To simulate MPLS LSPs in the network, you must first set up the LSPs to be routed. In the WAE Design GUI, enter LSPs into
the plan file in the following ways:
By choosing Insert > LSPs > LSP, or by right-clicking in the plot and choosing New > LSPs > LSP. This opens a dialog box for entering properties for a single LSP. One such property is the Type, which determines whether this is an RSVP LSP or an SR LSP.
By choosing Insert > LSPs > LSP Mesh, or by right-clicking in the plot and choosing New > LSPs > LSP Mesh. This opens a dialog box for adding a mesh of LSPs between the selected nodes.
When you select LSPs in the LSPs table, their associated L1 circuit paths are highlighted in the network plot.
Step 2
Right-click and choose Plot LSPs.
Step 3
To move the plot horizontally or vertically, use the left/right arrows and up/down arrows.
Step 4
To select all LSPs within the LSP plot view, click Select LSPs. To deselect all of these LSPs, click in an empty plot area.
Step 5
To visualize multilayer L1 paths when plotting LSPs, use the following drop-down options:
L3—Displays the path in terms of interfaces.
L1—Displays the path in terms of L1 links.
To better align the L1 links, WAE Design checks for L3-L1 links. If they do not exist, WAE Design checks for collocated L3/L1
nodes within sites.
L3+L1—Displays the L3 plot above and the L1 plot below.
WAE Design does not perform alignment between L3 and L1 nodes. When you click an L3 interface, the associated L1 links are
highlighted automatically.
What to do next
You can plot one or more LSP paths in the same manner by selecting them from the LSP Paths table.
To filter to related information, such as related interfaces, source and destination nodes, or demands, right-click one or
more LSPs and choose the option.
LSP Paths
LSPs can be assigned one or more LSP paths. Like LSPs, LSP paths have properties that vary depending on whether the path
is for an RSVP LSP or SR LSP. If these properties are omitted, then they are inherited from the LSP. If these properties are
set in the LSP path, they override the LSP settings. For information on these properties, see RSVP-TE Simulation and Segment Routing Simulation.
Each LSP path has a Path Option property. The LSP is routed using the first LSP path that can successfully be established.
LSP paths are established in increasing order of their path option, where path option 1 is established first.
Alternatively, you can choose which LSP path to use from the LSP Active Path drop-down list in the LSP Property dialog box.
Creating LSP Paths
Procedure
Step 1
In the LSPs table, choose the LSP to which you are adding LSP paths.
Step 2
Right-click in the plot choose New > LSPs > LSP Paths, or choose Insert > LSPs > LSPPaths.
Step 3
In the Path Option field, enter the order in which the LSP path is activated. Lower numbers have preference over higher numbers.
Step 4
If this is an RSVP LSP path, optionally set these properties. For information on these properties, see RSVP-TE Simulation.
If this is a standby LSP path, check Standby, which ensures the paths are always active.
To set the bandwidth, specify the Setup Bandwidth for the LSP path, or specify that it should inherit the bandwidth from the LSP.
To create associated named paths, check this option and complete the name using $1 for the LSP name and $2 for the path option.
To associate the LSP path with affinities, click Edit. For example, you might want to associate a standby path with an affinity that forces it on a different path than the primary
path. LSP paths can inherit the affinity from the LSP or can be assigned a specific affinity. Click OK.
Step 5
Click OK.
Visualizing LSP Shortest Paths
To view the LSP shortest paths, use one of these methods. The source is marked with an “A” and the destination is marked with
a “Z”.
Using the View > LSPs submenus, you can choose to see the shortest actual paths, shortest latency paths, or shortest TE paths each time that you
choose an LSP.
To view all shortest IGP paths, shortest TE paths, or shortest latency paths for selected LSPs, use the context menu. Choose
one or more LSPs, right-click, and choose Filter To > Shortest Paths (LSP Shortest IGP, Shortest TE, and Shortest Latency Paths).
Path Latency Calculations
WAE Design calculates shortest latency paths for LSPs and demands as follows:
By default, WAE Design uses the shortest path from the source to the destination of the LSP or demand, where the weight on
each interface is the delay value for that interface.
If the delay for any interface is zero (as it is by default), a small (0.00001 ms) delay is used instead. This means that
if all the delays for the interfaces in the plan are zero, the path with the smallest number of hops is selected.
If two paths have the same latency, paths with the smaller number of hops are preferred.
Explicit LSP Paths Initializer
The Explicit LSP Paths Initializer automates the process of explicitly routing existing LSP paths to follow their currently
simulated routes.
Note
Explicit LSP Paths Initializer supports RSVP only (in terms of ABR hop creation).
For RSVP LSPs, the initializer converts a set of dynamically routed LSPs to explicitly routed LSPs along their current paths.
The initializer creates named paths and named path hops for both primary and secondary paths. The explicit paths are named <LSP Name> _<Path Option> . Orphaned named paths are deleted. (Named paths are orphans if they are no longer used by any of the LSP paths.) For more information on RSVP LSPs, see RSVP-TE Simulation.
For SR LSPs, the only use case is if you want the initializer to create a final segment list hop on the destination node.
For more information on SR LSPs, see Segment Routing Simulation.
WAE Design writes a report identifying the number of selected LSP paths. To access this information later, choose Window > Reports
Procedure
Step 1
Choose Initializers > Explicit LSP Paths, or right-click an LSP and choose Explicit Path Initializer.
Step 2
Choose whether to create explicit paths for all LSPs, selected LSPs, or tagged LSPs, and then click OK.
Routing Demands
Intra-Area LSPs
Intra-area LSPs are modeled as IGP shortcuts. That is, the source of the demand using the LSP can be a node other than the
ingress node into the IGP, and the destination node of the LSP can be a node other than the egress node from the IGP. A demand
through intra-area LSPs does not require the LSP to traverse the full demand path.
Each intra-area LSP has a metric that helps determine which traffic is routed through the LSP. By default, autoroute LSPs
have a metric equal to the shortest IGP distance from the source to the destination. However, you can configure static metrics
for these LSPs that override this default. Static metrics can also be defined relative the shortest IGP distance, but these
relative metrics are not currently supported in WAE Design.
Forwarding adjacency LSPs always have a metric. If not specified, the default is 10. Forwarding adjacency LSP metrics are
injected into the IGP so that nodes other than the source node of the LSP are aware of the path length through the forwarding
adjacency LSP, and use it in their shortest path calculations.
To edit autoroute and forwarding adjacencies, choose one or more LSPs from the LSP table; double-click to bring up the Properties
dialog box and edit the values in the Routing area.
Inter-Area LSPs
Because it is not possible to define metrics distances across ISP areas, there can be no well-defined metric for inter-area
LSPs. Therefore, in WAE Design, a demand only routes through an inter-area LSP if the demand’s endpoints are nodes matching
the source and destination of the LSP, interfaces on these nodes, or external ASes whose ingress and egress points through
the IGP are these nodes. This requirement is true regardless of the network option settings.
To be routed, these demands must also match the privacy, tags, and class-based forwarding requirements. Autoroute, forwarding
adjacency properties, and LSP metrics are ignored. For information on privacy, see Private LSPs, for information on tags, see Plan Objects, and for information on class-based forwarding, see Class-Based Forwarding.
Loadsharing
Two or more LSPs with the same source and destination (and metrics, if these are defined) loadshare traffic between them.
How the load is shared between the LSPs is determined by the LSP Loadshare property. By default, LSPs have a Loadshare property
of 1, and thus route traffic between them in equal proportions. Changing the Loadshare value changes the distribution of LSP
traffic and interface traffic in proportion to these values.
Example: If two LSPs are parallel, and one has a Loadshare property of 2 and one has a Loadshare property of 1, there will
be a 2-to-1 ratio of traffic shared between them. The top half of Example of Two Parallel LSPs with Equal Loadsharing shows an example of two parallel LSPs that are routed using strict explicit paths. Each has a Loadshare value of 1, which
means the traffic is routed using a 1:1 loadshare ratio so that each LSP carries 50% of the traffic. In contrast, the lower
half shows the same parallel LSPs with a 2:1 ratio. That is, one LSP has a Loadshare value of 2, and one has a Loadshare property
value of 1. The LSP with a Loadshare value of 2 carries 67% of the traffic, while the other carries 33%.
Each LSP has a path showing the percentage of traffic that crosses the LSP as a result of the Loadshare value for that LSP.
The format is <path option>
:<loadshare percentage>
%. Although loadshare applies only to path option 1, the LSP itself might be routed along a different path.
Note that this percentage may or may not be the same as the Loadshare value in the LSPs table. This is because the Loadshare
value is relative to the other Loadshare values for parallel LSPs. For this reason, if manually editing the Loadshare property,
we recommend that you consider the entire set of parallel LSPs. Note also that because an LSP can be in multiple sets of parallel
LSPs, the percentage on its path can differ.
To optimize these Loadshare values, use the LSP Loadshare Optimization tool. For information, see LSP Loadshare Optimization .
Class-Based Forwarding
Class-based forwarding (CBF) lets you manage differentiated service requirements by restricting or allowing demands into LSPs
according to a set of user-defined mappings between demand service classes and LSPs. For example, a demand with an Assured
Forwarding service class could be mapped to an LSP saved for carrying low-latency voice traffic, while a different LSP using
that same demand could be used for only best-effort services, such as file transfers.
Class-Based Forwarding Simulations
Demands can be assigned a Service Class property. LSPs can be assigned a Class property. CBF is enabled by creating a table
that maps the demand service class to the LSP classes. The resulting table defines a set of LSPs to which a demand with a
specific service class has access.
Each demand service class in the table is mapped to one or more LSP classes, or with a Drop value.
If a demand’s service class is in the mapping table, the demand can only use LSPs with LSP classes that match that service
class.
If a demand service class is not in the mapping table, it can use any LSP.
Example: There are three demand service classes: AF, BE, and EX. The mapping table contains only AF and BE (Example Service Class LSP Class Mapping Table). This means that the demands with EX service class can use any LSP in the plan file.
If an LSP class does not appear in this mapping table, then any demand can use any LSP of that class.
If multiple LSPs are sourced from one node, demands routed through that node can use any LSP to which the demand’s service
class is mapped.
If all available LSPs have LSP classes with equal priority, the traffic is load balanced between these LSPs.
If the LSPs have prioritized LSP classes (1, 2, 3, etc.), those with the highest priority (lowest number) are routed first.
Example: A demand with an AF service class must first use LSPs with an LSPClass_AF because within the AF service class, this
is the only Priority 1 LSP class. If no LSPs with LSPClass_AF are available, the demand tries to route across LSPs with an
LSPClass_BE class (Example Service Class LSP Class Mapping Table).
If there are no available LSPs with matching LSP classes, the demand follows these rules.
If the demand’s service class is not mapped to a Drop value, the demand forgoes using LSPs and takes the shortest IGP path.
If the demand’s service class is mapped to a Drop value, the demand is unrouted.
Example: If there are no available LSPs for the AF demand to route across, it will not route due to the Drop value associated
with it (Example Service Class LSP Class Mapping Table). If the BE demand cannot route across an LSP that has a class of LSPClass_BE, it will route across the shortest IGP path
available.
Example Simulations
In these examples, we want to route the assured-forwarding (AF) Europe-to-Japan traffic directly over the more expensive,
but lower latency, circuits through Russia. We want to route the best-effort (BE) traffic along the cheaper, but higher latency,
circuits through the US.
In these example simulations, there are only two demands and two LSPs. Both demands and both LSPs go from London to Tokyo.
Lon-Tok-D1 demand uses an AF service class.
Lon-Tok-D2 demand uses an BE service class.
The LSPs are named LSP_A and LSP_B. Each LSP is explicitly routed to reach Tokyo via a different path.
If the circuit between London and Tokyo fails, the Lon-Tok-D1 demand reroutes using the shortest IGP path. The reason is because
there are no alternative LSPs available.
Example Reroute Around Failure Using Alternative LSP Class shows that the AF service class is mapped to both LSPClass_AF and LSPClass_BE. The Lon-Tok-D1 demand now reroutes around
a failure between London and Tokyo by using LSP_B. This is because the AF service class now has a Priority 2 mapping to the
LSPClass_BE class, and the fact that LSP_B is assigned to this LSPClass_BE class.
Example of Not Rerouting Based on Drop LSP Class shows that the AF service class is mapped to both LSPClass_AF and a Drop value. The Lon-Tok-D1 demand now does not reroute
around a failure between London and Tokyo. This is because demands using AF service class are mapped so that if an LSP with
an LSPClass_AF class is not available, the traffic is dropped.
Workflow for Creating Service Class and LSP Class Mappings
Assign demands to the service classes. To assign this property, use the Service Class menu in the demand’s Properties dialog
box. (Right-click one or more selected demands and choose Properties.)
Step 3
Create the LSP classes using the Manage QoS dialog box. For information, see Creating LSP Classes.
As needed, assign a service class to one or more LSP classes using the Manage QoS dialog box. This creates a mapping table
between the demands with a given service class and LSPs with a given LSP class. Optionally, prioritize multiple LSP classes
within a service class. For information, see Creating Mappings Between Service Classes and LSP Classes.
What to do next
Creating LSP Classes
Procedure
Step 1
Open the Manage QoS dialog box in one of two ways:
Choose Edit > Manage QoS.
Choose Manage QoS from the QoS drop-down menu in the Visualization toolbar.
Step 2
Click the LSP Class tab.
Step 3
In the LSP Classes area, click New.
Step 4
Enter the name of the LSP class, and click OK.
Step 5
Click OK in the Manage QoS dialog box.
Assigning LSP Classes to LSPs
Procedure
Step 1
Choose one or more LSPs.
Step 2
Right-click one of the LSPs and choose Properties.
Step 3
Choose the LSP class from the Class drop-down list and click OK.
Creating Mappings Between Service Classes and LSP Classes
Procedure
Step 1
Open the Manage QoS dialog box in one of two ways:
Choose Edit > Manage QoS.
Choose Manage QoS from the QoS drop-down menu in the Visualization toolbar.
Step 2
Click the LSP Class tab.
Step 3
In the Service Class LSP Class Mapping area, click New.
Step 4
In the Service Class drop-down list, select the service class to which you are mapping LSP classes.
Step 5
Enter a priority (number) for the LSP class. This determines the order in which the demand routes available LSPs. The lower
the number, the higher the priority.
Step 6
Click one of the following radio buttons:
To map the selected service class to an LSP class, click LSP Class and select the class from the drop-down list.
To set the mapping so the demand doesn’t reroute if LSPs are unavailable, click Drop. Drop should only be used on the lowest priorities.
Step 7
Click OK, and then click OK again in the Manage QoS dialog box.
Private LSPs
WAE Design provides two ways to route selected traffic demands through specific LSPs. One way is to dedicate the traffic for
specific demands to a private LSP, which is a special LSP that carries those demands only. This type of LSP models an MPLS
Layer 2 VPN, providing an exclusive route for the associated demands. If the LSP goes down, all traffic associated with the
LSP is interrupted.
The other way to dedicate traffic to an LSP is to filter the demands that the LSP can carry. You can do this by using the
WAE Design tag feature to identify the desired demands, and then configuring the LSP with a list of tagged values. This type
of LSP makes it possible to route specific types of traffic over the LSP, and the type of traffic is any arbitrary group that
you define.
To configure LSPs that simulate Layer 2 VPNs, use one of these two tools.
One tool creates dedicated demands for existing LSPs. The created demands will match the LSPs in source and destination.
One tool creates private LSPs from existing demands. The created LSPs will match the existing demands in source and destination.
The LSP Private property is set to T (true) in the LSPs table, and the Private LSP Node and Private LSP Name properties in
the Demands table are set.
Creating Private Demands for Existing LSPs
LSPs must currently exist in the plan file.
Procedure
Step 1
If you are creating demands for only selected LSPs, select those LSPs from the LSP table. If they are tagged, you can skip
this step and specify the tag value in Step 3 instead. If you are creating demands for all LSPs, you can skip this step.
Step 2
Choose Insert > LSPs > Demands for LSPs, or right-click in the plot and choose New > LSPs > Demands for LSPs.
Step 3
In the LSPs list, choose All, Selected in table (Step 1), or Tagname
.
Step 4
Select the service class to which these LSPs belong.
Step 5
Set the demand traffic to equal the LSP setup bandwidth, the LSP traffic measurements, or zero.
Step 6
Check Mark LSPs as private.
Step 7
Click OK. The newly created demands are highlighted in the Demands table.
If you are creating LSPs for only selected demands, select those demands from the Demands table. If they are tagged, you can
skip this step and specify the tag value in Step 3 instead.
Step 2
Choose Insert > LSPs > LSPs for Demands, or right-click in the plot and choose New > LSPs > LSPs for Demands.
Step 3
In the Demands list, choose All, Selected in table (Step 1), or Tagname
.
Step 4
Set the bandwidth traffic to a specific traffic level or to zero.
Step 5
Check Mark LSPs as private.
Step 6
Click OK. The newly created LSPs are highlighted in the LSPs table.
Deleting Demands when Private LSPs are Deleted
You can choose to delete a demand when deleting a Private LSP. By default, when a private LSP is deleted, the corresponding
demand is not deleted.
Procedure
Step 1
Choose Edit > Network Options.
Step 2
Click Advancedtab.
Step 3
Under the Demands section, choose:
Unrouted if the Private LSPs are unrouted
Removed if the Private LSPs are removed
Step 4
Click OK.
Configuring LSPs to Transport Specific Traffic Types
This section describes how to configure LSPs that only route specific types of traffic. For example, you might want to route
traffic for a voice service class through an LSP with a low latency, and route traffic for an Internet service class through
another LSP with best-effort only. Such LSPs only carry the specified demands, but those demands might also be routed elsewhere.
Procedure
Step 1
In the Demands table, select and double-click the demands that you want to group.
Click the Tags tab.
If a tag exists that you want to use, toggle its F (false) value to T (true) to enable the tag for the selected demands. If
a tag does not exist that you want to use, click New Tag.
Enter the name of the tag.
Click OK.
Click OK to save and exit the Properties dialog box.
Step 2
In the LSP table, select and double-click the LSPs that are to transport demands that were tagged (Step 1).
In the Include Any Demands Tags field, enter a list of demand tags and separate each entry with a semicolon.
Click OK.
Routing Inter-Area LSPs
In WAE Design, all nodes in a single AS are assumed to belong to a single IGP. If the plan file contains more than one AS,
all IGPs defined in these ASes are of the same type. For information on how nodes are assigned to areas or levels, see Traffic Demand Modeling.
An inter-area LSP is an LSP whose source node and destination node have no areas in common. If available, inter-area LSPs
follow actual paths, regardless of whether doing so violates the required order of routing through areas. For example, if
following an actual path, an inter-area can enter and leave an OSPF area 0 more than once.
Other factors that determine how the inter-area LSPs are routed include whether the LSP type is RSVP or SR, and whether you
have selected to require explicit hops at ABRs. (See Explicit Versus Dynamic Inter-Area LSP Routing.)
Note
Inter-area Fast Reroute LSPs and inter-area IGP shortcut LSPs are not supported. If the source and destination nodes of a
Fast Route LSP are in different areas, the LSP is not routed.
Order of Routing Through Areas
Regardless of the LSP type and whether explicit hops are required, inter-area LSPs route through the backbone areas, as follows,
where “backbone” means area 0 for OSPF or the Level 2 area for IS-IS.
If there are three or more areas, backbone areas must be between the source and destination nodes. Typically, there are no
more than three areas and therefore, the backbone area must be in the middle. For example, an OSPF inter-area LSP would route
from area 1 to area 0 (backbone) and then to area 2 (Example Inter-Area Routing Requiring Hops at ABRs).
If there are only two areas, there can only be one backbone area, and either the source or the destination node must be in
the backbone area.
Explicit Versus Dynamic Inter-Area LSP Routing
An OSPF ABR is a node that belongs to both area 0 and other OSPF areas. An IS-IS ABR is a node that belongs to both the Level
2 area and another IS-IS level.
There are two modes of routing inter-area LSPs. One requires that explicit hops be set on ABR nodes. This mode correctly simulates
actual router behavior where ABR explicit hops are required. The other mode does not require explicit hops at ABR nodes and
can route an LSP fully dynamically across multiple areas. While this mode does not simulate actual router behavior, it is
useful for planning inter-area LSP routes. For example, you can use a fully dynamic simulation to find an appropriate path,
which can then be converted into a (routable) fully explicit path using other tools such as the Explicit LSP Paths initializer.
These modes are specified using the network option labeled “LSP routing requires ABR explicit hops.”
If this option is selected, inter-area LSPs are routed based on explicit hops set on the ABR nodes.
An inter-area RSVP LSP must contain a named path, and the named path must contain explicit hops at ABRs for each required
area crossing.
An inter-area SR LSP must contain a segment list, and the segment list must contain explicit node hops at ABRs for each required
area crossing.
If this option is not selected, inter-area LSPs are routed dynamically and explicit hops at ABRs are not required. To leave
one area and enter another, the inter-area LSP routes to the closest ABR in the current area that also borders the area it
is entering.
Example: Example Inter-Area Routing Requiring Hops at ABRs shows two inter-area LSPs selected, although only the LSP with explicit hops set on ABR nodes routes. The reason is because
the network option is set to require ABR hops when routing inter-area LSPs. Example Inter-Area Routing Without Requiring ABRs shows that by deselecting this network option, the inter-area LSP that does not have hops set at ABRs can dynamically route.
Simulation Modes
WAE Design lets you set global parameters that affect how LSPs are routed or rerouted. To access these options, choose Edit > Network Options or click the Network Options icon in the Visualization toolbar. Then click the Simulation tab.
By default, WAE Design simulates the state of the network once it has fully responded to a failure. Specifically, this is
the network state after LSPs have re-established new routes around the failure, and the IGP has fully reconverged. This is
called the IGP and LSP Reconvergence
simulation mode.
Other simulation modes include Fast Reroute (FRR), Autobandwidth Convergence, and Autobandwidth Convergence Including Failures.
For information, see RSVP-TE Simulation. For information on the network option for rerouting of non-standby L1 circuit paths under failure, see Layer 1 Simulation.
The Optimization tools only work in IGP and LSP Reconvergence mode. If you try to run one while in a different convergence
mode, you are prompted whether to continue, and if you do, the simulation changes to IGP and LSP Reconvergence mode.
The status bar in the lower left of the GUI identifies which simulation modes you are currently using. Note that unless specified
otherwise, the documentation describes behavior in the IGP and LSP Reconvergence mode.
LSP Establishment Order
WAE Design establishes LSPs in the order in which they appear in the plan. The routing of a specific LSP might depend on previously
established LSP routes. You can modify this order by changing a random seed. WAE Design then establishes LSPs in a random
order that is determined by this number. Although you cannot predict the order based on the number, if you use the same number
multiple times, WAE Design establishes the LSPs in the same order each time. Varying the LSP establishment order lets you
check, for example, whether certain orders result in higher utilizations.
Procedure
Step 1
Choose Edit > Network Options or click the Network Options icon in the Visualization toolbar.
Step 2
Click the Simulation tab.
Step 3
In the LSPs area, enter a number in the LSP establishment order seed field. The default is 0.
Step 4
Click OK.
Reports and Diagnostics
LSP Path Reports
You can create reports on the LSP path routes that the LSP is actually taking across both L3 and L1 topologies. Each report
identifies the complete path route, as well as disjointness information, including whether it contains common nodes or common
circuits. Additionally, the report contains all other columns in an LSP Paths table, though they are initially hidden.
Procedure
Step 1
Select one or more LSP paths. If you do not select one, all LSP paths are used.
Step 2
Choose Tools > Reports > LSP Path Routes.
Step 3
Check one or both hop options, and click OK.
Step 4
To export the report, right-click the Routes report name in the left Reports navigation pane, and choose Export Routes.
Simulation Diagnostics
To help troubleshoot RSVP LSP and LSP path simulations, WAE Design analyzes simulation routes and provides reasons for certain
types of routing behavior. The Simulation Diagnostics tool identifies why an LSP is not routed, why an LSP is routed away
from its actual path, and why an LSP is not following the shortest TE path.
These routing diagnostics assume that all other LSPs, except for the one being tested, have been routed. That is, WAE Design
calculates whether an LSP can route on the actual path after all other routed LSPs have had their bandwidth reserved.
Note that running a report overwrites the previous report of the same type. For example, an LSPs diagnostic report would overwrite
the previous LSPs report, but not the LSP Path diagnostic report.
Using Simulation Diagnostics to Troubleshoot
The following information is provided to help you troubleshoot LSP and LSP path issues.
Reason
Description
Affinities
The affinity settings prevent the LSP or LSP path from routing.
Available BW
There is insufficient bandwidth to route the LSP or LSP path.
Explicit Hops
The route is determined by a named path that contains one or more explicit hops.
Hop Limit
The hop limit is too low.
Invalid Actual Path
The actual path is invalid and cannot be interpreted as an LSP route.
No Actual Path
The LSP does not have an actual path.
No Attempt
The LSP path is not routed because it is not a standby path and it is not the lowest routable path option for the LSP.
No Destination
There is no destination defined. The collected network might not contain the destination node of the LSP.
Simulation Option
The simulation option for following actual paths is not enabled.
TE not enabled
There are interfaces that the LSP or LSP path traverses that are not TE enabled.
Topology
The source and destination are disconnected.
Running LSP Simulation Diagnostics
Procedure
Step 1
Choose one or more LSPs or LSP paths from their respective tables.
Step 2
Open the diagnostics information in one of two ways: