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Local Packet Transport Services (LPTS) maintains tables describing all packet flows destined for the secure domain router (SDR), making sure that packets are delivered to their intended destinations.
For a complete description of the LPTS commands listed in this module, refer to the LPTS Commands module of IP Addresses and Services Command Reference for Cisco NCS 6000 Series Routers.
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Release |
Modification |
|---|---|
|
Release 5.0.0 |
LPTS was introduced. |
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Release 5.2.1 |
Excessive ARP Punt Protection was supported. |
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Release 5.2.5 |
Excessive Punt Flow Trap Interface-based Flow feature was introduced. |
The following prerequisites are required to implement LPTS:
You must be in a user group associated with a task group that includes the proper task IDs. The command reference guides include the task IDs required for each command. If you suspect user group assignment is preventing you from using a command, contact your AAA administrator for assistance.
To implement LPTS features mentioned in this document you must understand the following concepts:
LPTS uses two components to accomplish this task: the port arbitrator and flow managers. The port arbitrator and flow managers are processes that maintain the tables that describe packet flows for a logical router, known as the Internal Forwarding Information Base (IFIB). Pre-IFIB (PIFIB), which is an abbreviated copy of IFIB, is maintained by port arbitrator on route processor. The line card also downloads the PIFIB for fast lookup. While IFIB is only present on RP, PIFIB is present on both RP and LCs. The entries in PIFIB are used for a single lookup with an exact match. The IFIB, along with PIFIB are used to route received packets to the correct Route Processor or line card for processing.
LPTS interfaces internally with all applications that receive packets from outside the router. LPTS functions without any need for customer configuration. However, LPTS show commands are provided that allow customers to monitor the activity and performance of LPTS flow managers and the port arbitrator.
In Cisco IOS XR, the control packets, which are destined to the Route Processor (RP), are policed using a set of ingress policers in the incoming line cards. These policers are programmed statically during bootup by LPTS components. The policers are applied based on the flow type of the incoming control traffic. The flow type is determined by looking at the packet headers. The policer rates for these static ingress policers are defined in a configuration file, which are programmed on the line card during bootup.
You can change the policer values based on the flow types of these set of ingress policers. You are able to configure the rate per policer per node (locally) and globally using the command-line interface (CLI); therefore, overwriting the static policer values.
 Note |
If two different ACLs with same ACEs are applied to an LPTS Policer, only the first ACL applied takes effect. When the first ACL is removed, the second ACL does not take effect on the LPTS Policer. If you want the second ACL to take effect on the LPTS Policer, reconfigure it on the LPTS Policer. |
The Excessive ARP Punt Protection feature attempts to identify and mitigate control packet traffic from remote devices that send more than their allocated share of ARP control packet traffic. A remote device can be a device on a VLAN interface.
When remote devices send ARP control packet traffic to the router, the control packets are punted and policed by a local packet transport service (LPTS) queue to protect the router's CPU. If one device sends an excessive rate of control packet traffic, the policer queue fills up, causing many packets to be dropped. If the rate from one "bad actor" device greatly exceeds that of other devices, most of the other devices do not get any of their control packets through to the router. The Excessive ARP Punt Protection feature addresses this situation.
Note |
Even when the Excessive ARP Punt Protection feature is not enabled, the "bad actors" can affect services for only other devices; they cannot bring down the router. |
The Excessive ARP Punt Protection feature is supported on non-subscriber interfaces such as L2 and L3 VLAN sub-interfaces and bundle virtual interfaces (BVIs). If the source that floods the punt queue with packets is a device with an interface handle, then all punts from that bad actor interface are penalty policed. The default penalty rate, which is non-configurable, is 10 packets per second (pps).
"Parent" interfaces, which can have other interfaces under them.
"Non-parent" interfaces, which have no interfaces under them.
A physical interface is always a parent interface because it has VLAN sub-interfaces. An L3 VLAN sub-interface can either be a parent or a non-parent interface.
When a flow is trapped, the Excessive ARP Punt Protection feature tries to identify the source of the flow. The first thing it determines is from which interface the flow came. If this interface is not a "parent" interface, then the feature assumes that it is the end-point source of the flow and penalty policing is applied only on the non-parent interface and not the parent interface. The software applies a penalty-policer in the case of a BVI interface also. If the trapped interface is a "parent" interface, then the entire interface is penalized, which would penalize all the interfaces under it.
For more information about enabling the Excessive ARP Punt Protection feature, see Enabling the Excessive ARP Punt Protection.
Note |
The Excessive ARP Punt Protection feature monitors all punt ARP traffic. You can exclude a particular interface on the router from the monitoring but a remote interface cannot be prevented from being flagged as bad if it is the source of excessive flows. |
Bad actors are policed for ARP protocol. There is a static punt rate and a penalty rate for ARP protocol. For example, the sum total of all ARP punts from remote devices is policed at 1000 packets per second (pps) to the router's CPU. If one remote device sends an excessive rate of ARP traffic and is trapped, then ARP traffic from that bad actor is policed at 10 pps. The remaining (non-bad) remote devices continue to use the static 1000 pps queue for ARP.
Note |
The excessive rate required to cause an interface to get trapped has nothing to do with the static punt rate (that is,1000 pps ). The excessive rate is a rate that is significantly higher than the current average rate of other control packets being punted. The excessive rate is not a fixed rate, and is dependent on the current overall punt packet activity. |
When an interface is trapped, it is placed in a "penalty box" for a period of time (a default of 15 minutes). At the end of the penalty timeout, it is removed from penalty policing (that is, packet dropping). If there is still an excessive rate of ARP control packet traffic coming from the remote device, then the remote interface is trapped again.
For the Elephant Trap sampler, the MAC address is one of the key fields used to uniquely identify a flow. Certain cases of DoS attacks have dynamically changing source MAC addresses. An individual flow does not cross the threshold in such cases, and hence the Excessive Punt Flow Trap (EPFT) does not trap the flow. With the interface-based flow feature, Elephant Trap does not consider MAC addresses as a key for uniquely identifying a flow. Hence, all packets received on a non-subscriber interface (irrespective of the source MAC address) are considered to be a part of a single flow. When excessive punts are received on the interface, EPFT does ifhandle-based trap, thereby penalty policing the punt traffic on that particular interface.
To enable interface-based flow, use the following command in global configuration mode:
lpts punt excessive-flow-trap interface-based-flow
Note |
You cannot enable this command if EPFT is turned on for the subscriber-interfaces and non-subscriber-interfaces MAC, or vice versa. This is because interface-based flow feature is mutually exclusive with MAC-based EPFT on non-subscriber interface feature. |
These restrictions apply to implementing Excessive ARP Punt Protection feature:
This feature is non-deterministic. In some cases, the Excessive ARP Punt Protection feature can give a false positive, that is, it could trap an interface that is sending legitimate punt traffic.
The Excessive ARP Punt Protection feature traps flows based on the relative rate of different flows; thus, the behavior depends on the ambient punt rates. A flow that is significantly higher than other flows could be trapped as a bad actor. Thus, the feature is less sensitive when there are many flows, and more sensitive when there are fewer flows present.
Sometimes control packet traffic can occur in bursts. The Excessive ARP Punt Protection has safeguards against triggering on short bursts, but longer bursts could trigger a false positive trap.
This task allows you to configure the LPTS policers.
| Command or Action | Purpose | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Step 1 |
configure |
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Step 2 |
lpts pifib hardware police [location node-id] Example: |
Configures the ingress policers and enters pifib policer global configuration mode or pifib policer per node configuration mode. The example shows pifib policer per node configuration mode and global. |
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Step 3 |
flow flow_type {default | known} {rate rate} Example: |
Configures the policer for the LPTS flow type. The example shows how to configure the policer for the ospf flow type.
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Step 4 |
commit |
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Step 5 |
show lpts pifib hardware policer [location {all | node_id}] Example: |
Displays the policer configuration value set.
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Perform this task to enable the Excessive ARP Punt Protection feature for non-subscriber interfaces. You can also set the penalty timeout and disable the protection on a particular interface in the router.
| Command or Action | Purpose | |
|---|---|---|
|
Step 1 |
configure |
|
|
Step 2 |
lpts punt excessive-flow-trap non-subscriber-interfaces Example: |
Enables the Excessive ARP Punt Protection feature on non-subscriber interfaces. |
|
Step 3 |
lpts punt excessive-flow-trap penalty-timeout arp time Example: |
Sets the penalty timeout value, which is a period of time that the interface trapped is placed in the penalty box, for a protocol. The penalty timeout value is in minutes and ranges from 1 to 1000. The default penalty timeout value is 15 minutes. |
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Step 4 |
(Optional) lpts punt excessive-flow-trap exclude interface-type interface-id Example: |
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|
Step 5 |
commit |
This section provides the following configuration example:
configure
lpts pifib hardware police
flow ospf unicast default rate 200
flow bgp configured rate 200
flow bgp default rate 100
!
lpts pifib hardware police location 0/2/CPU0
flow ospf unicast default rate 100
flow bgp configured rate 300
!The following is the show command and the sample output:
show lpts pifib hardware police location 0/2/CPU0 Node: 0/2/CPU0:
----------------------------------------
flow_type priority sw_police_id hw_policer_addr avgrate burst static_avgrate avgrate_type
-------------------- -------- ------------ --------------- ------- ----- -------------- ------------
unconfigured-default low 0 580096 500 100 500 2
UDP-default low 1 580608 500 100 500 2
TCP-default low 2 581120 500 100 500 2
Mcast-default low 3 581632 500 100 500 2
Raw-listen low 4 582144 500 100 500 2
Raw-default low 5 582656 500 100 500 2
Fragment low 6 583168 1000 100 1000 2
OSPF-mc-known high 7 583680 2000 1000 2000 2
ISIS-known high 8 584192 2000 1000 2000 2
EIGRP high 9 584704 1500 750 1500 2
RIP high 10 585216 1500 750 1500 2
OSPF-mc-default low 11 585728 1500 1000 1500 2
ISIS-default low 12 586240 1500 1000 1500 2
BGP-known high 13 586752 2500 1200 2500 2
BGP-cfg-peer mdeium 14 587264 100 1000 2000 0
BGP-default low 15 587776 100 750 1500 1
PIM-mcast-default mdeium 16 588288 23000 100 23000 2
PIM-ucast low 17 588800 10000 100 10000 2
IGMP mdeium 18 589312 3500 100 3500 2
ICMP-local mdeium 19 589824 2500 100 2500 2
ICMP-app low 20 590336 2500 100 2500 2
ICMP-default low 21 590848 2500 100 2500 2
LDP-TCP-known mdeium 22 591360 2500 1250 2500 2
LMP-TCP-known mdeium 23 591872 2500 1250 2500 2
RSVP-UDP mdeium 24 592384 7000 600 7000 2
RSVP-default mdeium 25 592896 500 100 500 2
RSVP-known mdeium 26 593408 7000 600 7000 2
IKE mdeium 27 593920 1000 100 1000 2
IPSEC-default low 28 594432 1000 100 1000 2
IPSEC-known mdeium 29 594944 3000 100 3000 2
MSDP-known mdeium 30 595456 1000 100 1000 2
MSDP-cfg-peer mdeium 31 595968 1000 100 1000 2
MSDP-default low 32 596480 1000 100 1000 2
SNMP low 33 596992 2000 100 2000 2
NTP-default high 34 597504 500 100 500 2
SSH-known mdeium 35 598016 1000 100 1000 2
SSH-default low 36 598528 1000 100 1000 2
HTTP-known mdeium 37 599040 1000 100 1000 2
HTTP-default low 38 599552 1000 100 1000 2
SHTTP-known mdeium 39 600064 1000 100 1000 2
SHTTP-default low 40 600576 1000 100 1000 2
TELNET-known mdeium 41 601088 1000 100 1000 2
TELNET-default low 42 601600 1000 100 1000 2
CSS-known mdeium 43 602112 1000 100 1000 2
CSS-default low 44 602624 1000 100 1000 2
RSH-known mdeium 45 603136 1000 100 1000 2
RSH-default low 46 603648 1000 100 1000 2
UDP-known mdeium 47 604160 25000 100 25000 2
TCP-known mdeium 48 604672 25000 100 25000 2
TCP-listen low 49 605184 25000 100 25000 2
TCP-cfg-peer mdeium 50 605696 25000 100 25000 2
Mcast-known mdeium 51 606208 25000 100 25000 2
LDP-TCP-cfg-peer mdeium 52 606720 2000 1000 2000 2
LMP-TCP-cfg-peer mdeium 53 607232 2000 1000 2000 2
LDP-TCP-default low 54 607744 1500 750 1500 2
LMP-TCP-default low 55 608256 1500 750 1500 2
UDP-listen low 56 608768 4000 100 4000 2
UDP-cfg-peer mdeium 57 609280 4000 100 4000 2
LDP-UDP mdeium 58 609792 2000 1000 2000 2
LMP-UDP mdeium 59 610304 2000 1000 2000 2
All-routers high 60 610816 1000 500 1000 2
OSPF-uc-known high 61 611328 2000 1000 2000 2
OSPF-uc-default low 62 611840 100 100 1000 0
ip-sla high 63 612352 10000 100 10000 2
ICMP-control high 64 612864 2500 100 2500 2
L2TPv3 mdeium 65 613376 25000 100 25000 2
PCEP mdeium 66 613888 100 200 100 2
GRE high 67 614400 1000 1000 1000 2
VRRP mdeium 68 614912 1000 1000 1000 2
HSRP mdeium 69 615424 400 400 400 2
BFD-known critical 70 615936 8500 300 8500 2
BFD-default critical 71 616448 8500 100 8500 2
MPLS-oam mdeium 72 616960 100 100 100 2
DNS mdeium 73 617472 500 100 500 2
RADIUS mdeium 74 617984 7000 600 7000 2
TACACS mdeium 75 618496 500 100 500 2
PIM-mcast-known mdeium 76 619008 23000 100 23000 2
BFD-MP-known mdeium 77 619520 8400 1024 8400 2
BFD-MP-0 mdeium 78 620032 128 100 128 2
L2TPv2-default mdeium 79 620544 700 100 700 2
NTP-known high 80 621056 500 100 500 2
L2TPv2-known mdeium 81 621568 2000 100 2000 2
!
configure
lpts punt excessive-flow-trap non-subscriber-interfaces
lpts punt excessive-flow-trap penalty-timeout arp 2
lpts punt excessive-flow-trap exclude interface TenGigE 0/0/0/0
end
!
The following sections provide references related to implementing LPTS.
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Related Topic |
Document Title |
|---|---|
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Cisco IOS XR LPTS commands: complete command syntax, command modes, command history, defaults, usage guidelines, and examples |
Cisco LPTS Commands module in the IP Addresses and Services Command Reference for Cisco NCS 6000 Series Routers |
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Standards |
Title |
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No new or modified standards are supported by this feature, and support for existing standards has not been modified by this feature. |
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MIBs |
MIBs Link |
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To locate and download MIBs, use the Cisco MIB Locator found at the following URL and choose a platform under the Cisco Access Products menu: https://mibs.cloudapps.cisco.com/ITDIT/MIBS/servlet/index |
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RFCs |
Title |
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No new or modified RFCs are supported by this feature, and support for existing RFCs has not been modified by this feature. |
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Description |
Link |
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The Cisco Technical Support website contains thousands of pages of searchable technical content, including links to products, technologies, solutions, technical tips, and tools. Registered Cisco.com users can log in from this page to access even more content. |
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