The Cisco VSG operates with the Cisco Nexus 1000V Series switch in the VMware vSphere Hypervisor or the Cisco Cloud Services Platform Virtual Services Appliance, and the Cisco VSG leverages the virtual network service data path (Cisco vPath). Cisco vPath steers traffic, whether external-to-VM or VM-to-VM, to the Cisco VSG of a tenant. Initial packet processing occurs in the Cisco VSG for policy evaluation and enforcement. After the policy decision is made, the Cisco VSG offloads policy enforcement of the remaining packets to vPath.

Figure 2. Cisco Virtual Security Gateway Deployment Topology

Cisco vPath supports the following features:

• Tenant-aware flow classification and subsequent redirection to a designated Cisco VSG tenant

• Per-tenant policy enforcement of flows offloaded by the Cisco VSG to Cisco vPath

The Cisco VSG and the VEM provide the following benefits:

• Each Cisco VSG can provide protection across multiple physical servers, which eliminates the need for you to deploy a virtual appliance per physical server.

• By offloading the fast-path to one or more vPath Virtual Ethernet Modules (VEMs), the Cisco VSG enhances security performance through distributed vPath-based enforcement.

• You can use the Cisco VSG without creating multiple switches or temporarily migrating VMs to different switches or servers. Zone scaling, which is based on security profiles, simplifies physical server upgrades without compromising security or incurring application outages.

• For each tenant, you can deploy the Cisco VSG in an active-standby mode to ensure that Cisco vPath redirects packets to the standby Cisco VSG when the primary Cisco VSG is unavailable.

• You can place the Cisco VSG on a dedicated server so that you can allocate the maximum compute capacity to application workloads. This feature enables capacity planning to occur independently and allows for operational segregation across security, network, and server groups.

You can transparently insert a Cisco VSG into the VMware vSphere environment where the Cisco Nexus 1000V is deployed. One or more instances of the Cisco VSG is deployed on a per-tenant basis, which allows a highly scale-out deployment across many tenants. Tenants are isolated from each other, so no traffic can cross tenant boundaries. You can deploy a Cisco VSG at the tenant level, at the virtual data center (vDC) level, or at the vApp level.

As you instantiate VMs for a given tenant, their association to security profiles (or zone membership) occurs immediately through binding with the Cisco Nexus 1000V port profile. Each VM is placed upon instantiation into a logical trust zone. Security profiles contain context-aware rule sets that specify access policies for traffic that enters and exits each zone. In addition to VM and network contexts, security administrators can also leverage custom attributes that define zones directly through security profiles. You can apply controls to zone-to-zone traffic and to external-to-zone (and zone-to-external) traffic. Zone-based enforcement occurs within a VLAN because a VLAN often identifies a tenant boundary. The Cisco VSG evaluates access control rules and then offloads enforcement to the Cisco Nexus 1000V VEM vPath module. Upon enforcement, the Cisco VSG can permit or deny access and can generate optional access logs. The Cisco VSG also provides policy-based traffic monitoring capability with access logs.

A virtualization environment is dynamic, where frequent additions, deletions, and changes occur across tenants and across VMs. Live migration of VMs can occur due to manual or programmatic VMotion events. The following figure shows how the structured environment can change over time due to dynamic VMs.

Figure 3. Cisco VSG Security in a Dynamic VM Environment, Including VM Live Migration

The Cisco VSG operating with the Cisco Nexus 1000V (and vPath) supports a dynamic VM environment. When you create a tenant with the Cisco VSG (standalone or active-standby pair) on the Cisco PNSC, associated security profiles are defined that include trust zone definitions and access control rules. Each security profile is bound to a Cisco Nexus 1000V port profile (authored on the Cisco Nexus 1000V Virtual Supervisor Module (VSM) and published to the VMware vCenter.

When a new VM is instantiated, the server administrator assigns appropriate port profiles to the virtual Ethernet port of the VM. Because the port profile uniquely refers to a security profile and VM zone membership, the Cisco VSG immediately applies the security controls. You can repurpose a VM by assigning it to a different port profile or security profile.

As VMotion events are triggered, VMs move across physical servers. Because the Cisco Nexus 1000V ensures that port profile policies follow the VMs, associated security profiles also follow these moving VMs, and security enforcement and monitoring remain transparent to VMotion events.

You can set up a Cisco VSG in an overlay fashion so that VMs can reach a Cisco VSG irrespective of its location. The vPath component in the Cisco Nexus 1000V VEM intercepts the packets from the VM and sends them to the Cisco VSG for further processing.

In the following figure, the Cisco VSG connects to three different VLANs (service VLAN, management VLAN, and HA VLAN). A Cisco VSG is configured with three vNICS—data vNIC (1), management vNIC (2), and HA vNIC (3)—with each of the vNICs connected to one of the VLANs through a port profile.

Figure 4. Cisco Virtual Security Gateway VLAN Usages

You can allocate one or more VM data VLANs for VM-to-VM communications. In a typical multitenant environment, the management VLAN is shared among all the tenants and the service VLAN, HA VLAN, and the VM data. VLANs are allocated on a per-tenant basis. However, when VLAN resources become scarce, you might decide to use a single VLAN for service and HA functions.

The Cisco PNSC architecture includes the components in the following figure:

Figure 5. Cisco PNSC Components

The Cisco PNSC uses security profiles for tenant-centric template-based configuration of security policies. A security profile is a collection of security policies that are predefined and applied on an on-demand basis at the time of Virtual Machine (VM) instantiation. These profiles simplify authoring, deployment, and management of security policies in a dense multitenant environment, reduce administrative errors, and simplify audits.

The Cisco PNSC API allows you to coordinate with third-party provisioning tools for programmatic provisioning and management of Cisco VSGs. This feature allows you to simplify data center operational processes and reduce the cost of infrastructure management.

The Cisco PNSC operates with the Cisco Nexus 1000V Series VSM to achieve the following scenarios:

• Security administrators who author and manage security profiles as well as manage Cisco VSG instances. Security profiles are referenced in Cisco Nexus 1000V Series port profiles through the Cisco PNSC interface.

• Network administrators who author and manage port profiles as well as manage Cisco Nexus 1000V Series switches. Port profiles are referenced in the vCenter through the Cisco Nexus 1000V Series VSM interface.

• Server administrators who select the appropriate port profiles in the vCenter when instantiating a virtual machine.