The VPLMN provides access network services and packet routing to the packet core, whereas the HPLMN provides data network access to the subscriber. This feature enables the SMF to support the flavour of routing that is termed as the Home Routed (HR) roaming.

This feature provides the following functionalities:

• Support home routed roaming traffic for 5G sessions connected through NR.

• Support QoS flow Based Charging (QBC) on the UPF.

This section provides details about the session create, release, modify procedures, and the different call handover scenarios for both vSMF and hSMF.

This section describes the charging support for the HR roaming feature.

This feature supports the following functionalities:

• QBC charging.

• Roaming QBC profiles configuration.

• Relay roaming QBC profiles to the CHF.

• Receive roaming QBC profiles from the CHF.

• Relay roaming QBC profiles from the vSMF to hSMF.

• hSMF relays roaming vSMF QBC profiles to hCHF.

• vSMF relays roaming hSMF QBC profiles to vCHF.

• In the vSMF, UPServ in collaboration with charging, creates PDRs for QFI on the N4 interface and associated corresponding URR, which are derived from the roaming QBC profile.

• Relay URR usage reports derived from the QBC profile to the respective CHF in QFi containers, which are meant for QosFlow reporting.

• Disable QBC for the sessions for which the corresponding QBC charging profiles could not be identified.

• Support Fail-Open from the CHF.

• Configuration to enable QBC on the hSMF, vSMF and non-roaming SMF.

Using the Roaming QBC Profile

The SMF determines the QBC profile based on the local interface. The QBC URR is created based on the limits present in the profile.

The following triggers are applicable for HR charging:

• Triggers armed at Session Level

  • Reports the QBC in the session level URR.

  • Reports the QBC for the CC events.

• Triggers armed at the QBC profile

  • Limits are used in QBC URRs.

  • Reports all the QBC URRs for an event armed at the QBC profile.

The following sample code shows the different triggers and their corresponding values.

Sess trigger []
Vol  100
time  100
RAT

Rg X trigger[]
Vol  10
time  10
PLMN

RoamignQbcprofile trigger[]
Vol    20
time  20
ULI


Sess URR
Vol 100
tim 100

RGX_URR
vol  10
tim 10

QBCURR1
Vol 20
tim 20

QBCURR2
Vol 20
tim 20



When RTA happens
Query all RG and all QBC urr

when PLMN change
Query RG X URR


when ULI changes
Query all QBC

Accounting Static or Predefined URR Usage to Session Level URR

In the previous release, the CHF driven session limits were controlled by the PCF, dynamic in nature and applicable for the online and offline charging service. As a result, all the dynamic URRs were reported when a session level URR was reported. Also, the offline URR associated with the static or predefined rules were reported when a separate URR was met.

In the current release, the reporting mechanism is streamlined on the N4 interface for the session limits to report the following URRs:

• The online and offline URRs associated with dynamic rules.

• The offline URR associated with static or predefined rules.

• All the QBC URRs.

NOTES:

• In this release, the SMF does not report the online static or predefined URRs when a session limit is met.

• In this release, rulebase ECGDR configuration is not required to get the static or predefined accumulated report for offline services.

  When QBC is enabled, the SMF associates SessLevelUrr to the default UL or DL PDR, which carries the rulebase name. The UPF associates this URR to every SDF PDR or URR for all the static predefined rules.

• During setup, the Sess Urr is associated with the default PDR. If the SMF does not have input during the setup time for creating the Sess level URR and later post setup, the CHF sets limits. These URRs are not honored.

MaxChangeinCC, MaxDeferredUrr and OOO Config

MaxChangeinCC

The HR roaming feature supports reporting of the QBC usage data when Max CC is met.

The MaxCC value can be controlled at the config level apart from it coming from the CHF. The priority order of selecting the MaxCC values, are as follows:

• The CHF armed MaxCC.

• The ChargingProfile when it's associated to a session.

• If a session is enabled for QBC charging, use QbcProfile .

MaxDeferredUrr

The local config is used to configure the MaxDeffered value present in Charging-Profile. This is extended to ChargingQbcProfile. The priority order of selecting, are as follows:

• The ChargingProfile when it's associated to a session.

• If a session is enabled for QBC charging, use QbcProfile .

The MaxDeferred count is met when the combined value of UUC and QFICOntainer crosses the configured threshold value.

OOO Config

The OOO config is referred from Charg-Profile, which is associated to a session.

If it's not associated to a session, then it's referred from the QBC profile on the condition that the QBC charging is enabled for the session.

In the HR roaming scenario, the vSMF supports the use of default DNN to avoid listing or configuring all the DNNs used by the roaming partners.

The DNN validation is disabled for the visitor-hr calls received by the vSMF. From the default DNN profile, the virtual DNN configuration is used toward vCHF, vUPF, and RMGR for vUPF selection.

To configure the default DNN profile, use the following CLI configuration:

config 
   policy dnn policy_name 
      profile profile_name 
   exit 
exit 

To configure the virtual DNN name, use the following CLI configuration:

config 
   profile dnn profile_name 
      dnn virtual_dnn_name network-function-list [ chf | rmgr | upf ]  
   exit 
exit 

In this release, the Home Routed roaming feature supports the mechanism for vSMF to receive the IPv6 interface ID from the hSMF using the N16 interface as per 3GPP TS 29.502, Release 16, CR 202206.

In the HR roaming scenario, the Router Solicitation (RA) and Router Advertisement (RA) is handled by the hUPF or hSMF, where the vUPF relays in both directions for RA to properly function. In CR 202206, the hSMF sends the IPv6 interface ID to the vSMF and then the vSMF relays the same to UE in the N1 payload.

For inter-operability, even if the vSMF does not receive the IPv6 interface ID from the hSMF on the N16 interface, it still relays based on the Virtual Mac configuration in the DNN profile to the UE.

Following call flow process change happens in the Home routed calls.

• vSMF Create Session Procedure: During the 5G session creation procedure, SMF includes source interface type IE (3GPP interface type) in the PDI IE in N4 messages while creating a PDR with an appropriate interface type. For example, SMF includes source interface type= N3 3GPP Access in the Create uplink PDR in N4 messages and UPF allocates TEID from that interface based on the configuration. If no GTPU service is associated to N3 3GPP Access, then TEID is allocated from default (one without interface configuration).

• 4G Access Registration: At the time of 4G access registration, SMF includes source interface type= S5-U in the Create uplink PDR in N4 messages and UPF allocates TEID from that interface based on the configuration. If no GTPU service is associated to S5-U, then TEID is allocated from default (one without interface configuration.

Following call flow process change happens during Roamer calls:

• For roamers, vSMF sends source interface type as N9 while creating downlink (DL) PDRs for N9 traffic and as “N3 3GPP Access” while creating Uplink (UL) PDRs for N3 traffic in N4 messages.

• The hSMF sends source interface type as N9 while creating UL PDRs for N9 traffic and as S5-U while creating UL PDRs (secondary PDR) for 4G traffic.

• The UPF allocates two different tunnels for the NR and 4G default bearer/flow.

Note	To achieve further optimization, SMF can send N9 as source interface type while creating both 4G and 5G UL PDRs if required, without any changes on the UPF.

During inter-plmn mobility, H-SMF or SMF has the following limitations:

• Does not reselect operator policy and the UPF.

• Northbound NF selection criteria do not change.

• Changes roaming status from/to homer/roamer

During inter-plmn mobility, V-SMF has the following limitations:

• Selects operator policy based on the subscriber policy configuration

• V-UPF and V-CHF are selected based on configuration.

• Roaming-status configured under the Operator policy is used to override the HRT roaming request to treat the UE as LBO.

Restrictions

SMF has the following restrictions:

• Intra-PLMN mobility where UE moves from one V-SMF to another in V-PLMN, V-SMF change is not supported.

• IDFT is not supported for Inter-plmn HO.

• If the inter-plmn CLI is not configured, ModifyBearerRequest with visitor PLMN is rejected.

• For inter-plmn scenarios, the Roaming QOS flow based charging profile configured in the H-SMF is given priority and the one received from the V-SMF is ignored.

The Inter-plmn Roaming Mobility features complies with the following standards:

• 3GPP TS 23.502,Version 16.6

• 3GPP TS 29.502, Version 16.6

• 3GPP TS 29.571, Version 16.6

• 3GPP TS 29.244, Version 16.6

• 3GPP TS 32.255, Version 16.6

This section describes call flows and procedures for Inter-plmn handover feature.

Use the following sample configuration to enable or disable inter-plmn handover for roaming. You can use this configuration to disallow inter-plmn roaming for specific DNNs.

config 
   profile dnn dnnprofile_name 
      [ no ] supported-features [ inter-plmn-ho ] 

NOTES:

• supported-features [ inter-plmn-ho ] : Enables inter-plmn handover for roaming.

  Note	If the inter-plmn CLI is not configured in PGW-C+SMF, MBR from a V-PLMN is rejected by PGW-C+SMF. To handle handovers from V-PLMN, configuring the inter-plmn-ho in the DNN profile is mandatory.

• no : Disables inter-plmn handover for roaming for a specific DNN.

Configuration for Creating Separate Tunnel for Secondary PDRs

Use the sample configuration to check whether N3and N9 interface separation is enabled or not at UPF. If n3-n9 interface-separation is enabled, then a separate tunnel is created for the Secondary RAT PDR else, the same tunnel is reused for the Secondary RAT.

config 
   profile dnn dnnprofile_name 
      [ no ] supported-features [ n3-interface-separation ] 

NOTES:

• supported-features [ n3-interface-separation ] : Creates Separate Tunnel for Secondary PDRs.

• no : Creates same tunnel for Primary and Secondary PDRs.

  Note	If this config is not present, then SMF/PGW-C considers that the N3-N9 interface separation is disabled at UPF.

SMF supports sending the DTSSA and ACSCR in supported-features in the following SmContextCreated, SmContextUpdated, PduSessionCreated, and PduSessionUpdated IEs on N11 and N16 interfaces.

This allows AMF to select an appropriate V-SMF and H-SMF for inter-plmn roaming.

Configuring DTSSA

To configure the DTSSA or ACSCR, use the sample configuration as a reference.

config 
   profile smf profile_name instances instance-id supported-features  
       [ vsmf dtssa acscr] 

NOTES:

• vsmf dtssa acscr : Sends DTSSA and ACSCR in supported-features.

This section describes operations, administration, and maintenance information regarding support for interfaces in SMF.

The show subscriber supi supi_id nf-service smf full CLI command displays the roaming status of a UE.

Note	In 2021.02 and later releases, the namespace keyword is deprecated and replaced with the nf-service keyword.

[unknown-smf] smf# show subscriber supi imsi-123456789012345 nf-service smf full 
subscriber-details 
{
…
        "authStatus": "Unauthenticated",
        "roamingStatus": "Vistor LBO",    <<< In-Roamer UE Roaming Status
        "uePlmnId": {
          "mcc": "123",
          "mnc": "456"
        }

…
     "authStatus": "Unauthenticated",
        "roamingStatus": "Roamer",      <<< Out-Roamer UE Roaming Status
        "uePlmnId": {
          "mcc": "123",
          "mnc": "456"
        }
…
        "authStatus": "Unauthenticated",
        "roamingStatus": "Homer",
        "uePlmnId": {
          "mcc": "123",
          "mnc": "456"
        }

The show subscriber supi supi_id nf-service smf psid psid_value full CLI command displays the detailed subscriber information for roaming-specific use case as hSMF.

[unknown] smf# show subscriber supi imsi-123456789012345 nf-service smf psid 5 full  
subscriber-details 
{
  "status": true,
  "genericInfo": {
    "supi": "imsi-310210789012346",
    "pei": "imei-123456786666660",
    "pduSessionId": 5,
    "pduSesstype": "Ipv4PduSession",
    "accessType": "3GPP_ACCESS",
    "dnn": "intershat",
    "plmnId": {
      "mcc": "310",
      "mnc": "560"
    },
    "sScMode": 1,
    "uetimeZone": "UTC+12:00",
    "allocatedIp": "209.165.200.229",
    "nrLocation": {
      "ncgi": {
        "mcc": "310",
        "mnc": "560",
        "nrCellId": "123456789"
      },
      "tai": {
        "mcc": "310",
        "mnc": "560",
        "tac": "1820"
      }
    },
    "alwaysOn": "None",
    "dcnr": "None",
    "wps": "Non-Wps Session",
    "ratType": "NR",
    "ueType": "NR Capable UE",
    "sessTimeStamp": "2021-06-18 18:49:28.266245111 +0000 UTC",
    "callDuration": "20.549700502s",
    "ipPool": "poolv4",
    "commonId": 2097158,
    "snssai": {
      "sd": "Abf123",
      "sst": 2
    },
    "authStatus": "Unauthenticated",
    "roamingStatus": "Roamer",
    "uePlmnId": {
      "mcc": "310",
      "mnc": "210"
    }
  },
  "accessSubData": {
    "amfID": "AFbe08",
    "amfPlmnId": {
      "mcc": "310",
      "mnc": "560"
    },
    "epsInterworkingIndication": "WITHOUT_N26"
  },
  "policySubData": {
    "TotalDynamicRules": 2,
    "TotalFlowCount": 2,
    "TotalNonGBRFlows": 1,
    "TotalGBRFlows": 1,
    "pccRuleList": [
      {
        "pccRuleId": "PccRule-1",
        "qfi": 2,
        "gbrDl": 2000000000,
        "gbrUl": 1000000000,
        "mbrDl": 4000000000,
        "mbrUl": 3000000000,
        "flowInformation": [
          {
            "flowLabel": "flow",
            "spi": "2",
            "flowDirection": 3,
            "flowDescription": "permit out ip from 209.165.200.225 to 209.165.200.254",
            "tosTrafficClass": "8"
          }
        ],
        "chargingInformation": {
          "chargingId": "ChargingData-1",
          "meteringMethod": "Duration and Volume",
          "Type": "Online",
          "ratingGroup": 10,
          "serviceId": "20"
        }
      },
      {
        "pccRuleId": "defaultrule",
        "qfi": 1,
        "mbrDl": 125000000,
        "mbrUl": 100000000,
        "flowInformation": [
          {
            "flowDirection": 3,
            "flowDescription": "permit out ip from any to any"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "qosFlow": [
      {
        "qfi": 2,
        "GBRFlow": "True",
        "bindingParameters": {
          "x5Qi": 3,
          "arp": {
            "preemptCap": "NOT_PREEMPT",
            "preemptVuln": "PREEMPTABLE",
            "priorityLevel": 7
          }
        },
        "AggregatedULGFbr": 1000000000,
        "AggregatedDLGFbr": 2000000000,
        "AggregatedULMFbr": 3000000000,
        "AggregatedDLMFbr": 4000000000,
        "pccRuleList": "PccRule-1",
        "qosDescList": "QoS-1,"
      },
      {
        "qfi": 1,
        "GBRFlow": "False",
        "bindingParameters": {
          "x5Qi": 5,
          "arp": {
            "preemptCap": "NOT_PREEMPT",
            "preemptVuln": "NOT_PREEMPTABLE",
            "priorityLevel": 15
          },
          "priorityLevel": 1
        },
        "AggregatedULMFbr": 100000000,
        "AggregatedDLMFbr": 125000000,
        "pccRuleList": "defaultrule",
        "qosDescList": "default,"
      }
    ],
    "policyType": "Pcf",
    "pcfInteraction": "Pcf Interaction: ON",
    "ruleBase": "starent",
    "sessRuleList": [
      {
        "authDefaultQos": "&QosProfileKey{X5QI:5,Arp:{PreemptionCapability_NOT_PREEMPT PreemptionVulnerability_NOT_PREEMPTABLE 15 true},Priority:1,MaxDataBurstVol:0,Qnc:false,AveragingWindow:,}",
        "authSessAmbr": {
          "downlink": 125000000,
          "uplink": 100000000
        },
        "sessRuleId": "default"
      }
    ],
    "presenceReporting": "Disabled"
  },
  "chargingData": {
    "invcSeqNo": 1,
    "pduChId": 2097158,
    "ccId": "1",
    "chargingIdRtgGrpMapInfo": {
      "rgId": "10",
      "chargingId": [
        "ChargingData-1",
        "l10of",
        "l10on"
      ]
    },
    "chargParmMapInfo": [
      {
        "ratingGrp": 10,
        "chargingId": "ChargingData-1",
        "online": "true",
        "offline": "true",
        "serviceID": 20,
        "pccRuleIds": [
          "PccRule-1"
        ],
        "linkedChrgId": [
          "l10of",
          "l10on",
          "sesslevelurr"
        ],
        "meteringMthd": "MeteringMethod_DURATION_VOLUME",
        "reportingLevelOnline": "ReportingLevel_RAT_GR_LEVEL",
        "reportingLevelOffline": "ReportingLevel_RAT_GR_LEVEL",
        "configured": "false",
        "tightInterworkingMode": "false",
        "parent": "true",
        "reportingParm": "false",
        "limitParm": "false",
        "limitsChrgParamOnline": "l10on",
        "limitsChrgParamOffline": "l10of",
        "qosIds": [
          "QoS-1"
        ],
        "qfi": 2,
        "offlineConverted": "false"
      },
      {
        "ratingGrp": 10,
        "chargingId": "l10of",
        "online": "false",
        "offline": "true",
        "pccRuleIds": [
          "PccRule-1"
        ],
        "linkedChrgId": [
          "sesslevelurr"
        ],
        "meteringMthd": "MeteringMethod_DURATION_VOLUME",
        "reportingLevelOnline": "ReportingLevel_Dummy",
        "reportingLevelOffline": "ReportingLevel_RAT_GR_LEVEL",
        "configured": "false",
        "tightInterworkingMode": "false",
        "parent": "false",
        "reportingParm": "true",
        "limitParm": "true",
        "qosIds": [
          "QoS-1"
        ],
        "qfi": 2,
        "offlineConverted": "false"
      },
      {
        "ratingGrp": 10,
        "chargingId": "l10on",
        "online": "true",
        "offline": "false",
        "pccRuleIds": [
          "PccRule-1"
        ],
        "linkedChrgId": [
          "sesslevelurr"
        ],
        "meteringMthd": "MeteringMethod_DURATION_VOLUME",
        "reportingLevelOnline": "ReportingLevel_RAT_GR_LEVEL",
        "reportingLevelOffline": "ReportingLevel_Dummy",
        "configured": "false",
        "tightInterworkingMode": "false",
        "parent": "false",
        "reportingParm": "true",
        "limitParm": "true",
        "qosIds": [
          "QoS-1"
        ],
        "qfi": 2,
        "offlineConverted": "false"
      },
      {
        "chargingId": "sesslevelurr",
        "online": "false",
        "offline": "true",
        "pccRuleIds": [
          "PccRule-1"
        ],
        "meteringMthd": "MeteringMethod_DURATION_VOLUME",
        "reportingLevelOnline": "ReportingLevel_Dummy",
        "reportingLevelOffline": "ReportingLevel_Dummy",
        "configured": "false",
        "tightInterworkingMode": "false",
        "parent": "false",
        "reportingParm": "false",
        "limitParm": "true",
        "offlineConverted": "false"
      }
    ],
    "chTriggerInfo": {
      "sessionTriggerInfo": [
        {
          "triggerType": "VOLUME_LIMIT",
          "triggerCategory": "IMMEDIATE_REPORT",
          "triglevel": 2
        },
        {
          "triggerType": "TIME_LIMIT",
          "triggerCategory": "IMMEDIATE_REPORT",
          "triglevel": 2
        },
        {
          "triggerType": "AMBR_CHANGE",
          "triggerCategory": "IMMEDIATE_REPORT",
          "triglevel": 2
        },
        {
          "triggerType": "QOS_CHANGE",
          "triggerCategory": "DEFERRED_REPORT",
          "triglevel": 2
        }
      ],
      "rgTrgrList": [
        {
          "ratingGroup": 10,
          "rgTriggerInfo": [
            {
              "triggerType": "QUOTA_THRESHOLD",
              "triggerCategory": "IMMEDIATE_REPORT",
              "triglevel": 1
            },
            {
              "triggerType": "VOLUME_LIMIT",
              "triggerCategory": "IMMEDIATE_REPORT",
              "triglevel": 1
            },
            {
              "triggerType": "TIME_LIMIT",
              "triggerCategory": "IMMEDIATE_REPORT",
              "triglevel": 1
            },
            {
              "triggerType": "QUOTA_EXHAUSTED",
              "triggerCategory": "IMMEDIATE_REPORT",
              "triglevel": 1
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "chThresholdInfo": {
      "sessthresholdInformation": {
        "volumeThreshold": 45000,
        "durationThreshold": 90
      },
      "rgthresholdInformation": [
        {
          "volumeThreshold": 7000,
          "durationThreshold": 800
        }
      ],
      "quotaInformation": [
        {
          "quotaHoldingTime": -1,
          "timeQuotaThreshold": 10,
          "volQuotaThreshold": 1000,
          "downlinkVolume": 20000,
          "time": 100,
          "totalVolume": 35000,
          "uplinkVolume": 15000,
          "ratingGrp": 10
        }
      ]
    },
    "startTime": "2021-06-18T18:49:28Z",
    "rulebase": "starent",
    "chargingDisabled": "false",
    "dropTraffic": "false",
    "gtppGrp": "group1",
    "profileName": "chgprf1",
    "accountingEnabled": "false",
    "n40ChargingEnabled": "true",
    "QbcProfileName": "qbc_general",
    "qbcChargingEnabled": "True",
    "roamingQbcInfo": {
      "qfiTh": {
        "volTh": 30000,
        "durTh": 80
      },
      "qfis": {
        "rgTriggerInfo": [
          {
            "triggerType": "QOS_CHANGE",
            "triggerCategory": "IMMEDIATE_REPORT",
            "triglevel": 2
          },
          {
            "triggerType": "TIME_LIMIT",
            "triggerCategory": "IMMEDIATE_REPORT",
            "triglevel": 2
          },
          {
            "triggerType": "VOLUME_LIMIT",
            "triggerCategory": "IMMEDIATE_REPORT",
            "triglevel": 2
          }
        ]
      },
      "partialRecordMethod": "PartialRecordMethod_DEFAULT"
    },
    "qbcChargParam": [
      {
        "chargingId": "qfi1",
        "qfi": 1,
        "meteringMthd": "MeteringMethod_DURATION_VOLUME",
        "reportingParam": "True",
        "limitParam": "True",
        "parent": "True"
      },
      {
        "chargingId": "qfi2",
        "qfi": 2,
        "meteringMthd": "MeteringMethod_DURATION_VOLUME",
        "reportingParam": "True",
        "limitParam": "True",
        "parent": "True"
      }
    ],
    "chfGroupId": "CHF-dnn=intershat;",
    "fbcChargingEnabled": "True"
  },
  "upfServData": {
    "numberOfTunnels": 1,
    "smfSeid": 9007228892966842,
    "qerInfo": [
      {
        "qosId": "Sess#Level",
        "qerId": 1,
        "refcnt": 1
      },
      {
        "qosId": "QoS-1@def#TC",
        "qerId": 2,
        "refcnt": 1
      },
      {
        "qosId": "default@def#TC",
        "qerId": 3,
        "refcnt": 1
      }
    ],
    "urrInfo": [
      {
        "chargingId": "ChargingData-1",
        "urrId": 16
      },
      {
        "chargingId": "l10of",
        "urrId": 33
      },
      {
        "chargingId": "l10on",
        "urrId": 55
      },
      {
        "chargingId": "sesslevelurr",
        "urrId": 76
      },
      {
        "chargingId": "qfi1",
        "urrId": 82
      },
      {
        "chargingId": "qfi2",
        "urrId": 98
      }
    ],
    "mapping": {
      "tunnelMapping": [
        {
          "TunnelID": 1,
          "tunnelName": "gnbTunnel",
          "RemoteTeid": {
            "teID": 1001,
            "ipAddr": "209.165.200.241"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "upfSeid": "17293822569102704642",
    "TotalNumberOfPdrs": "4 (Ul:2 Dl:2)",
    "TotalNumberOfFars": 4,
    "TotalNumberOfQers": 3,
    "TotalNumberOfUrrs": 6
  }
}

The show subscriber supi supi_id nf-service smf psid psid_value summary CLI command displays the detailed information about subscriber sessions for roaming-specific use case as hSMF.

[unknown] smf# show subscriber supi imsi-123456789012345 nf-service smfpsid 5 summary  
subscriber-details 
{
  "status": true,
  "genericInfo": {
    "supi": "imsi-310210789012346",
    "pduSessionId": 5,
    "pduSesstype": "Ipv4PduSession",
    "accessType": "3GPP_ACCESS",
    "dnn": "intershat",
    "plmnId": {
      "mcc": "310",
      "mnc": "560"
    },
    "allocatedIp": "209.165.200.240",
    "ratType": "NR",
    "sessTimeStamp": "2021-06-18 18:49:28.266245111 +0000 UTC",
    "authStatus": "Unauthenticated",
    "roamingStatus": "Roamer",
    "uePlmnId": {
      "mcc": "310",
      "mnc": "210"
    }
  },
  "policySubData": {
    "TotalDynamicRules": 2,
    "TotalFlowCount": 2,
    "TotalNonGBRFlows": 1,
    "TotalGBRFlows": 1,
    "pcfInteraction": "Pcf Interaction: ON",
    "ruleBase": "starent"
  },
  "chargingData": {
    "chargParmMapInfo": [
      {
        "chargingId": "ChargingData-1",
        "offlineConverted": "false"
      },
      {
        "chargingId": "l10of",
        "offlineConverted": "false"
      },
      {
        "chargingId": "l10on",
        "offlineConverted": "false"
      },
      {
        "chargingId": "sesslevelurr",
        "offlineConverted": "false"
      }
    ],
    "chargingDisabled": "false",
    "dropTraffic": "false",
    "gtppGrp": "group1",
    "profileName": "chgprf1",
    "accountingEnabled": "false",
    "n40ChargingEnabled": "true",
    "QbcProfileName": "qbc_general",
    "qbcChargingEnabled": "True",
    "qbcChargParam": [
      {},
      {}
    ],
    "chfGroupId": "CHF-dnn=intershat;",
    "fbcChargingEnabled": "True"
  },
  "upfServData": {
    "smfSeid": 9007228892966842,
    "qerInfo": [
      {
        "qosId": "Sess#Level",
        "qerId": 1,
        "refcnt": 1
      },
      {
        "qosId": "QoS-1@def#TC",
        "qerId": 2,
        "refcnt": 1
      },
      {
        "qosId": "default@def#TC",
        "qerId": 3,
        "refcnt": 1
      }
    ],
    "urrInfo": [
      {
        "chargingId": "ChargingData-1",
        "urrId": 16
      },
      {
        "chargingId": "l10of",
        "urrId": 33
      },
      {
        "chargingId": "l10on",
        "urrId": 55
      },
      {
        "chargingId": "sesslevelurr",
        "urrId": 76
      },
      {
        "chargingId": "qfi1",
        "urrId": 82
      },
      {
        "chargingId": "qfi2",
        "urrId": 98
      }
    ],
    "mapping": {
      "tunnelMapping": [
        {
          "TunnelID": 1,
          "tunnelName": "gnbTunnel",
          "RemoteTeid": {
            "teID": 1001,
            "ipAddr": "209.165.200.231"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "upfSeid": "17293822569102704642",
    "TotalNumberOfPdrs": "4 (Ul:2 Dl:2)",
    "TotalNumberOfFars": 4,
    "TotalNumberOfQers": 3,
    "TotalNumberOfUrrs": 6
  }
}

The show subscriber supi supi_id nf-service smf psid psid_value full CLI command displays the detailed subscriber information for roaming-specific use case as vSMF.

[unknown] smf# show subscriber supi imsi-123456789012345 nf-service smf psid 5 full  
subscriber-details 
{
  "status": true,
  "genericInfo": {
    "supi": "imsi-310480789012346",
    "pei": "imei-123456786666660",
    "pduSessionId": 5,
    "pduSesstype": "Ipv4PduSession",
    "accessType": "3GPP_ACCESS",
    "dnn": "intershat",
    "plmnId": {
      "mcc": "310",
      "mnc": "260"
    },
    "uetimeZone": "UTC+12:00",
    "allocatedIp": "209.165.202.131",
    "nrLocation": {
      "ncgi": {
        "mcc": "310",
        "mnc": "260",
        "nrCellId": "123456789"
      },
      "tai": {
        "mcc": "310",
        "mnc": "260",
        "tac": "1820"
      }
    },
    "alwaysOn": "None",
    "dcnr": "None",
    "wps": "Non-Wps Session",
    "ratType": "NR",
    "ueType": "NR Capable UE",
    "sessTimeStamp": "2021-06-18 18:55:11.252750658 +0000 UTC",
    "callDuration": "42.336122162s",
    "commonId": 2097159,
    "snssai": {
      "sd": "Abf123",
      "sst": 2
    },
    "authStatus": "Unauthenticated",
    "roamingStatus": "Vistor HR",
    "uePlmnId": {
      "mcc": "310",
      "mnc": "480"
    }
  },
  "accessSubData": {
    "amfID": "AFbe08",
    "amfPlmnId": {
      "mcc": "310",
      "mnc": "260"
    },
    "ueCmStatus": "UeCMConnected",
    "amfNrfID": "76517361-338e-4d77-bc76-713a79779574",
    "epsInterworkingIndication": "WITHOUT_N26"
  },
  "policySubData": {
    "TotalFlowCount": 2,
    "TotalNonGBRFlows": 1,
    "TotalGBRFlows": 1,
    "qosFlow": [
      {
        "qfi": 1,
        "GBRFlow": "False",
        "bindingParameters": {
          "x5Qi": 5,
          "arp": {
            "preemptCap": "NOT_PREEMPT",
            "preemptVuln": "NOT_PREEMPTABLE",
            "priorityLevel": 1
          },
          "priorityLevel": 10,
          "maximumDataBurstVolume": 1,
          "averagingWindow": "2003"
        }
      },
      {
        "qfi": 4,
        "GBRFlow": "True",
        "bindingParameters": {
          "x5Qi": 4,
          "arp": {
            "preemptCap": "NOT_PREEMPT",
            "preemptVuln": "NOT_PREEMPTABLE",
            "priorityLevel": 1
          },
          "priorityLevel": 1,
          "maximumDataBurstVolume": 1,
          "averagingWindow": "1"
        },
        "AggregatedULGFbr": 10000000,
        "AggregatedDLGFbr": 10000000,
        "AggregatedULMFbr": 1000000000,
        "AggregatedDLMFbr": 1000000000,
        "ebi": 8
      }
    ],
    "SessAmbrUl": 200000000,
    "SessAmbrDl": 125000000
  },
  "chargingData": {
    "invcSeqNo": 3,
    "pduChId": 2097159,
    "ccId": "0",
    "chargingIdRtgGrpMapInfo": {},
    "chTriggerInfo": {},
    "chThresholdInfo": {
      "sessthresholdInformation": {}
    },
    "startTime": "2021-06-18T18:55:11Z",
    "chargingDisabled": "false",
    "dropTraffic": "false",
    "profileName": "chgprf1",
    "accountingEnabled": "false",
    "n40ChargingEnabled": "true",
    "QbcProfileName": "qbc_maxlimit",
    "qbcChargingEnabled": "True",
    "roamingQbcInfo": {
      "qfiTh": {
        "volTh": 40000,
        "durTh": 90
      },
      "qfis": {
        "rgTriggerInfo": [
          {
            "triggerType": "QOS_CHANGE",
            "triggerCategory": "IMMEDIATE_REPORT",
            "triglevel": 2
          },
          {
            "triggerType": "TIME_LIMIT",
            "triggerCategory": "IMMEDIATE_REPORT",
            "triglevel": 2
          },
          {
            "triggerType": "VOLUME_LIMIT",
            "triggerCategory": "IMMEDIATE_REPORT",
            "triglevel": 2
          }
        ]
      },
      "partialRecordMethod": "PartialRecordMethod_DEFAULT"
    },
    "qbcChargParam": [
      {
        "chargingId": "qfi1",
        "qfi": 1,
        "meteringMthd": "MeteringMethod_DURATION_VOLUME",
        "reportingParam": "True",
        "limitParam": "True",
        "parent": "True"
      },
      {
        "chargingId": "qfi4",
        "qfi": 4,
        "meteringMthd": "MeteringMethod_DURATION_VOLUME",
        "reportingParam": "True",
        "limitParam": "True",
        "parent": "True"
      }
    ],
    "chfGroupId": "CHF-dnn=intershat;",
    "fbcChargingEnabled": "False"
  },
  "upfServData": {
    "numberOfTunnels": 1,
    "smfSeid": 9007233406673128,
    "qerInfo": [
      {
        "qosId": "Sess#Level",
        "qerId": 1,
        "refcnt": 1
      },
      {
        "qosId": "BQF_1",
        "qerId": 2,
        "refcnt": 1
      },
      {
        "qosId": "BQF_4",
        "qerId": 4,
        "refcnt": 1
      }
    ],
    "urrInfo": [
      {
        "chargingId": "qfi1",
        "urrId": 18
      },
      {
        "chargingId": "qfi4",
        "urrId": 50
      }
    ],
    "mapping": {
      "tunnelMapping": [
        {
          "TunnelID": 1,
          "tunnelName": "gnbTunnel",
          "RemoteTeid": {
            "teID": 5555,
            "ipAddr": "209.165.200.242"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "upfSeid": "17293822569102704642",
    "TotalNumberOfPdrs": "4 (Ul:2 Dl:2)",
    "TotalNumberOfFars": 4,
    "TotalNumberOfQers": 3,
    "TotalNumberOfUrrs": 2
  }
}

The show subscriber supi supi_id nf-service smf psid psid_value summary CLI command displays the detailed information about subscriber sessions for roaming-specific use case as vSMF.

[unknown] smf# show subscriber supi imsi-123456789012345 nf-service smf psid 5 summary 
subscriber-details 
{
  "status": true,
  "genericInfo": {
    "supi": "imsi-310480789012346",
    "pduSessionId": 5,
    "pduSesstype": "Ipv4PduSession",
    "accessType": "3GPP_ACCESS",
    "dnn": "intershat",
    "plmnId": {
      "mcc": "310",
      "mnc": "260"
    },
    "allocatedIp": "209.165.200.231",
    "ratType": "NR",
    "sessTimeStamp": "2021-06-18 18:55:11.252750658 +0000 UTC",
    "authStatus": "Unauthenticated",
    "roamingStatus": "Vistor HR",
    "uePlmnId": {
      "mcc": "310",
      "mnc": "480"
    }
  },
  "policySubData": {
    "TotalFlowCount": 2,
    "TotalNonGBRFlows": 1,
    "TotalGBRFlows": 1,
    "SessAmbrUl": 200000000,
    "SessAmbrDl": 125000000
  },
  "chargingData": {
    "chargingDisabled": "false",
    "dropTraffic": "false",
    "profileName": "chgprf1",
    "accountingEnabled": "false",
    "n40ChargingEnabled": "true",
    "QbcProfileName": "qbc_maxlimit",
    "qbcChargingEnabled": "True",
    "qbcChargParam": [
      {},
      {}
    ],
    "chfGroupId": "CHF-dnn=intershat;",
    "fbcChargingEnabled": "False"
  },
  "upfServData": {
    "smfSeid": 9007233406673128,
    "qerInfo": [
      {
        "qosId": "Sess#Level",
        "qerId": 1,
        "refcnt": 1
      },
      {
        "qosId": "BQF_1",
        "qerId": 2,
        "refcnt": 1
      },
      {
        "qosId": "BQF_4",
        "qerId": 4,
        "refcnt": 1
      }
    ],
    "urrInfo": [
      {
        "chargingId": "qfi1",
        "urrId": 18
      },
      {
        "chargingId": "qfi4",
        "urrId": 50
      }
    ],
    "mapping": {
      "tunnelMapping": [
        {
          "TunnelID": 1,
          "tunnelName": "gnbTunnel",
          "RemoteTeid": {
            "teID": 5555,
            "ipAddr": "209.165.200.242"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "upfSeid": "17293822569102704642",
    "TotalNumberOfPdrs": "4 (Ul:2 Dl:2)",
    "TotalNumberOfFars": 4,
    "TotalNumberOfQers": 3,
    "TotalNumberOfUrrs": 2
  }
}

This section describes the alerts supported for roamer UEs. These alerts can be enhanced per RAT based or as per the intent of the end user.

Use the following SMF service bulk statistics to monitor the failures or issues associated with Roamer UEs.

This section provides the basic error conditions and logs that are captured to debug the failures for the roaming feature.

PLMN Validation Failure

The following example displays the error log for PLMN validation failure resulting into setting the roaming status as "none".

2021/01/06 15:25:18.630 smf-service [DEBUG] [genericinfo.go:1597] [smf-service.smf-app.subscriber] Set roaming status to 0
2021/01/06 15:25:18.630 smf-service [DEBUG] [genericinfo.go:2317] [smf-service.smf-app.subscriber]  Subscriber is %!s(uint32=0)
2021/01/06 15:25:18.630 smf-service [ERROR] [genericinfo.go:1082] [smf-service.smf-app.subscriber] PLMN validation failed
2021/01/06 15:25:18.630 smf-service [DEBUG] [subscriber_policy_config.go:187] [misc-lib.config.subscriber-policy] LookupParameters - {imsi-123456789012345 msisdn-223310101010101 imei-123456786666660  0 123 456 intershat}

Homer UE Status (Homer)

The following is an example of the generic logs for UE Roaming Status.

2021/01/06 15:04:39.146 smf-service [DEBUG] [genericinfo.go:1597] [smf-service.smf-app.subscriber] Set roaming status to 1
2021/01/06 15:04:39.146 smf-service [DEBUG] [genericinfo.go:2317] [smf-service.smf-app.subscriber]  Subscriber is %!s(uint32=1)
2021/01/06 15:04:39.146 smf-service [DEBUG] [subscriber_policy_config.go:187] [misc-lib.config.subscriber-policy] LookupParameters - {imsi-123456789012345 msisdn-9999988888 imei-352099001761480 Abf123 2 310 310 intershat}

Out-roamer UE Status (Roamer)

The following is an example of the generic logs for out-roamer UE status.

2021/01/06 16:11:02.710 smf-service [DEBUG] [genericinfo.go:1597] [smf-service.smf-app.subscriber] Set roaming status to 4
2021/01/06 16:11:02.710 smf-service [DEBUG] [genericinfo.go:2317] [smf-service.smf-app.subscriber]  Subscriber is %!s(uint32=4)
2021/01/06 16:11:02.710 smf-service [DEBUG] [subscriber_policy_config.go:187] [misc-lib.config.subscriber-policy] LookupParameters - {imsi-123456789012345

In-roamer UE Status (Visitor LBO)

The following is an example of the generic logs for in-roamer UE status.

2021/01/06 15:54:32.323 smf-service [DEBUG] [genericinfo.go:1597] [smf-service.smf-app.subscriber] Set roaming status to 2
2021/01/06 15:54:32.323 smf-service [DEBUG] [genericinfo.go:2317] [smf-service.smf-app.subscriber]  Subscriber is %!s(uint32=2)
2021/01/06 15:54:32.323 smf-service [DEBUG] [subscriber_policy_config.go:187] [misc-lib.config.subscriber-policy] LookupParameters - {imsi-123456789012345 msisdn-223310101010101 imei-123456786666660  0 310 310 intershat}