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本文档介绍了解ACI L3转发场景并对其进行故障排除的步骤。
本文档中的内容摘自 思科以应用为中心的基础设施故障排除(第二版) 书,特别是 交换矩阵内转发 — L3转发:不同BD中的两个终端 第章。
本章介绍不同网桥域中的终端无法相互通信的故障排除示例。这将是ACI交换矩阵路由的流。图1显示了拓扑。
不同网桥域中的终端
以下是典型的故障排除步骤和验证命令:
在本示例中,将使用以下源和目标终端:
应看到以下沉浸式网关:
可使用以下工具检查此情况:'show ip interface vrf <vrf name>'。
leaf1:
leaf1# show ip interface vrf Prod:VRF1
IP Interface Status for VRF "Prod:VRF1"
vlan7, Interface status: protocol-up/link-up/admin-up, iod: 106, mode: pervasive
IP address: 10.1.1.254, IP subnet: 10.1.1.0/24
IP broadcast address: 255.255.255.255
IP primary address route-preference: 0, tag: 0
leaf3和4:
leaf3# show ip interface vrf Prod:VRF1
IP Interface Status for VRF "Prod:VRF1"
vlan1, Interface status: protocol-up/link-up/admin-up, iod: 159, mode: pervasive
IP address: 10.1.2.254, IP subnet: 10.1.2.0/24
IP broadcast address: 255.255.255.255
IP primary address route-preference: 0, tag: 0
leaf4# show ip interface vrf Prod:VRF1
IP Interface Status for VRF "Prod:VRF1"
vlan132, Interface status: protocol-up/link-up/admin-up, iod: 159, mode: pervasive
IP address: 10.1.2.254, IP subnet: 10.1.2.0/24
IP broadcast address: 255.255.255.255
IP primary address route-preference: 0, tag: 0
请注意,leaf3和leaf4具有相同的普及网关地址,但可能会看到不同的SVI VLAN封装。
这是因为VLAN 1或VLAN 132是枝叶上的本地VLAN。
如果未将沉浸式网关IP地址推送到枝叶,请在APIC GUI中验证不存在阻止部署VLAN的故障。
Leaf1在子网10.1.2.0/24中没有任何端点,但是它必须具有到该子网的路由才能到达该子网:
leaf1# show ip route 10.1.2.0/24 vrf Prod:VRF1
IP Route Table for VRF "Prod:VRF1"
'*' denotes best ucast next-hop
'**' denotes best mcast next-hop
'[x/y]' denotes [preference/metric]
'%<string>' in via output denotes VRF <string>
10.1.2.0/24, ubest/mbest: 1/0, attached, direct, pervasive
*via 10.0.8.65%overlay-1, [1/0], 00:22:37, static, tag 4294967294
recursive next hop: 10.0.8.65/32%overlay-1
请注意,标记为“沉浸式”和“直接”的路由的下一跳为10.0.8.65。这是所有主干上存在的任播v4环回地址。
leaf1# show isis dteps vrf overlay-1 | egrep 10.0.8.65
10.0.8.65 SPINE N/A PHYSICAL,PROXY-ACAST-V4
同样,leaf3和leaf4应具有通往10.1.1.0/24的路由。
leaf3# show ip route 10.1.1.1 vrf Prod:VRF1
IP Route Table for VRF "Prod:VRF1"
'*' denotes best ucast next-hop
'**' denotes best mcast next-hop
'[x/y]' denotes [preference/metric]
'%<string>' in via output denotes VRF <string>
10.1.1.0/24, ubest/mbest: 1/0, attached, direct, pervasive
*via 10.0.8.65%overlay-1, [1/0], 00:30:25, static, tag 4294967294
recursive next hop: 10.0.8.65/32%overlay-1
如果缺少这些路由,很可能是因为在BD1中的EPG和BD2中的EPG之间没有合同。如果枝叶下的BD1中没有本地终端,则BD1普及网关不会推送到枝叶。如果EPG中有本地终端与BD1中的另一个EPG有合同,则会在枝叶上获取BD1子网。
由于本地终端所在的枝叶应该具有沉浸式网关,因此对沉浸式网关的ARP请求应始终由本地枝叶解决。可以使用以下命令在本地枝叶上检查此情况:
leaf1# show ip arp internal event-history event | egrep 10.1.1.1
[116] TID 26571:arp_handle_arp_request:6135: log_collect_arp_pkt; sip = 10.1.1.1; dip = 10.1.1.254;interface = Vlan7; phy_inteface = Ethernet1/3; flood = 0; Info = Sent ARP response.
[116] TID 26571:arp_process_receive_packet_msg:8384: log_collect_arp_pkt; sip = 10.1.1.1; dip = 10.1.1.254;interface = Vlan7; phy_interface = Ethernet1/3;Info = Received arp request
对于第3层转发,ACI将执行第3层源IP学习和目标IP查找。获取的IP地址范围设为VRF。
这可以在EPG的“操作”选项卡中的GUI上检查。请注意,此处的IP和MAC都已获知。
EPG运营端点
EPG运营端点 — 详细信息
检查本地终端是否已在本地枝叶上获取。在leaf1上检查IP 10.1.1.1已获知:
leaf1# show endpoint ip 10.1.1.1
Legend:
s - arp H - vtep V - vpc-attached p - peer-aged
R - peer-attached-rl B - bounce S - static M - span
D - bounce-to-proxy O - peer-attached a - local-aged m - svc-mgr
L - local E - shared-service
+-----------------------------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------+-------------+
VLAN/ Encap MAC Address MAC Info/ Interface
Domain VLAN IP Address IP Info
+-----------------------------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------+-------------+
46 vlan-2501 0000.1001.0101 L eth1/3
Prod:VRF1 vlan-2501 10.1.1.1 L eth1/3
如上所示,终端内容为:
这可以理解为相当于传统网络中的ARP条目。ACI不会在终端的ARP表中存储ARP信息。终端仅在终端表中可见。
枝叶上的ARP表仅用于L3Out下一跳。
leaf1# show ip arp vrf Prod:VRF1
Flags: * - Adjacencies learnt on non-active FHRP router
+ - Adjacencies synced via CFSoE
# - Adjacencies Throttled for Glean
D - Static Adjacencies attached to down interface IP ARP Table for context Prod:VRF1
Total number of entries: 0
Address Age MAC Address Interface
< NO ENTRY >
假设目标IP已知(已知单播),下面是目标IP 10.1.2.1的“show endpoint”输出。这是一个远程学习,因为它不驻留在枝叶1上,具体指向本地学习它的隧道接口(隧道4)。
远程终端仅包含IP或MAC,并且不能在同一条目中同时包含两者。仅当在本地获取终端时,才会发生同一终端中的MAC地址和IP地址。
leaf1# show endpoint ip 10.1.2.1
Legend:
s - arp H - vtep V - vpc-attached p - peer-aged
R - peer-attached-rl B - bounce S - static M - span
D - bounce-to-proxy O - peer-attached a - local-aged m - svc-mgr
L - local E - shared-service
+-----------------------------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------+-------------+
VLAN/ Encap MAC Address MAC Info/ Interface
Domain VLAN IP Address IP Info
+-----------------------------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------+-------------+
Prod:VRF1 10.1.2.1 p tunnel4
leaf1# show interface tunnel 4
Tunnel4 is up
MTU 9000 bytes, BW 0 Kbit
Transport protocol is in VRF "overlay-1"
Tunnel protocol/transport is ivxlan
Tunnel source 10.0.88.95/32 (lo0)
Tunnel destination 10.0.96.66
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Tx
0 packets output, 1 minute output rate 0 packets/sec
Rx
0 packets input, 1 minute input rate 0 packets/sec
目的TEP是枝叶3和4 VPC对的任播TEP,通过到主干的上行链路获知。
leaf1# show ip route 10.0.96.66 vrf overlay-1
IP Route Table for VRF "overlay-1"
'*' denotes best ucast next-hop
'**' denotes best mcast next-hop
'[x/y]' denotes [preference/metric]
'%<string>' in via output denotes VRF <string>
10.0.96.66/32, ubest/mbest: 4/0
*via 10.0.88.65, eth1/49.10, [115/3], 02w06d, isis-isis_infra, isis-l1-int
*via 10.0.128.64, eth1/51.8, [115/3], 02w06d, isis-isis_infra, isis-l1-int
*via 10.0.88.64, eth1/52.126, [115/3], 02w06d, isis-isis_infra, isis-l1-int
*via 10.0.88.94, eth1/50.128, [115/3], 02w06d, isis-isis_infra, isis-l1-int
可以使用“show system internal epm endpoint ip <ip>”命令收集IP 10.1.2.1的其他终端信息。
leaf1# show system internal epm endpoint ip 10.1.2.1
MAC : 0000.0000.0000 ::: Num IPs : 1
IP# 0 : 10.1.2.1 ::: IP# 0 flags : ::: l3-sw-hit: No
Vlan id : 0 ::: Vlan vnid : 0 ::: VRF name : Prod:VRF1
BD vnid : 0 ::: VRF vnid : 2097154
Phy If : 0 ::: Tunnel If : 0x18010004
Interface : Tunnel4
Flags : 0x80004420 ::: sclass : 32771 ::: Ref count : 3
EP Create Timestamp : 10/01/2019 13:53:16.228319
EP Update Timestamp : 10/01/2019 14:04:40.757229
EP Flags : peer-aged|IP|sclass|timer|
::::
在输出检查中:
现在,该帧将封装到发往远程TEP 10.0.96.66的VXLAN ID为2097154(即VRF的VNID)的VXLAN帧中。它将在overlay-1路由表中路由(IS-IS路由)并到达目标TEP。此处它将到达leaf3或leaf4,因为10.0.96.66是leaf3和leaf4 VPC对的任播TEP地址。
此处的输出来自leaf3,但在leaf4上类似。当数据包到达leaf3(目标枝叶和TEP的所有者)时,枝叶将学习VRF中数据包的源IP。
leaf3# show endpoint ip 10.1.1.1
Legend:
s - arp H - vtep V - vpc-attached p - peer-aged
R - peer-attached-rl B - bounce S - static M - span
D - bounce-to-proxy O - peer-attached a - local-aged m - svc-mgr
L - local E - shared-service
+-----------------------------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------+-------------+
VLAN/ Encap MAC Address MAC Info/ Interface
Domain VLAN IP Address IP Info
+-----------------------------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------+-------------+
Prod:VRF1 10.1.1.1 p tunnel26
leaf3# show interface tunnel 26
Tunnel26 is up
MTU 9000 bytes, BW 0 Kbit
Transport protocol is in VRF "overlay-1"
Tunnel protocol/transport is ivxlan
Tunnel source 10.0.88.91/32 (lo0)
Tunnel destination 10.0.88.95
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Tx
0 packets output, 1 minute output rate 0 packets/sec
Rx
0 packets input, 1 minute input rate 0 packets/sec
目的TEP 10.0.88.95是leaf1的TEP地址,通过到主干的所有上行链路获知。
最后一步是出口枝叶查找目标IP。查看10.1.2.1的终端表。
这提供了以下信息:
leaf3# show endpoint ip 10.1.2.1
Legend:
s - arp H - vtep V - vpc-attached p - peer-aged
R - peer-attached-rl B - bounce S - static M - span
D - bounce-to-proxy O - peer-attached a - local-aged m - svc-mgr
L - local E - shared-service
+-----------------------------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------+-------------+
VLAN/ Encap MAC Address MAC Info/ Interface
Domain VLAN IP Address IP Info
+-----------------------------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------+-------------+
2 vlan-2502 0000.1001.0201 LpV po1
Prod:VRF1 vlan-2502 10.1.2.1 LpV po1
在APIC中使用fTriage跟踪数据路径流。请记住,fTriage依赖于ELAM,因此它需要真正的数据流。这样可以确认完整的数据路径,同时确认数据包已退出枝叶3端口1/16上的交换矩阵。
apic1# ftriage route -ii LEAF:101 -sip 10.1.1.1 -dip 10.1.2.1
fTriage Status: {"dbgFtriage": {"attributes": {"operState": "InProgress", "pid": "6888", "apicId": "1", "id": "0"}}}
Starting ftriage
Log file name for the current run is: ftlog_2019-10-01-21-17-54-175.txt
2019-10-01 21:17:54,179 INFO /controller/bin/ftriage route -ii LEAF:101 -sip 10.1.1.1 -dip 10.1.2.1
2019-10-01 21:18:18,149 INFO ftriage: main:1165 Invoking ftriage with default password and default username: apic#fallback\\admin
2019-10-01 21:18:39,194 INFO ftriage: main:839 L3 packet Seen on bdsol-aci32-leaf1 Ingress: Eth1/3 Egress: Eth1/51 Vnid: 2097154
2019-10-01 21:18:39,413 INFO ftriage: main:242 ingress encap string vlan-2501
2019-10-01 21:18:39,419 INFO ftriage: main:271 Building ingress BD(s), Ctx
2019-10-01 21:18:41,240 INFO ftriage: main:294 Ingress BD(s) Prod:BD1
2019-10-01 21:18:41,240 INFO ftriage: main:301 Ingress Ctx: Prod:VRF1
2019-10-01 21:18:41,349 INFO ftriage: pktrec:490 bdsol-aci32-leaf1: Collecting transient losses snapshot for LC module: 1
2019-10-01 21:19:05,747 INFO ftriage: main:933 SIP 10.1.1.1 DIP 10.1.2.1
2019-10-01 21:19:05,749 INFO ftriage: unicast:973 bdsol-aci32-leaf1: <- is ingress node
2019-10-01 21:19:08,459 INFO ftriage: unicast:1215 bdsol-aci32-leaf1: Dst EP is remote
2019-10-01 21:19:09,984 INFO ftriage: misc:657 bdsol-aci32-leaf1: DMAC(00:22:BD:F8:19:FF) same as RMAC(00:22:BD:F8:19:FF)
2019-10-01 21:19:09,984 INFO ftriage: misc:659 bdsol-aci32-leaf1: L3 packet getting routed/bounced in SUG
2019-10-01 21:19:10,248 INFO ftriage: misc:657 bdsol-aci32-leaf1: Dst IP is present in SUG L3 tbl
2019-10-01 21:19:10,689 INFO ftriage: misc:657 bdsol-aci32-leaf1: RwDMAC DIPo(10.0.96.66) is one of dst TEPs ['10.0.96.66']
2019-10-01 21:20:56,148 INFO ftriage: main:622 Found peer-node bdsol-aci32-spine3 and IF: Eth2/1 in candidate list
2019-10-01 21:21:01,245 INFO ftriage: node:643 bdsol-aci32-spine3: Extracted Internal-port GPD Info for lc: 2
2019-10-01 21:21:01,245 INFO ftriage: fcls:4414 bdsol-aci32-spine3: LC trigger ELAM with IFS: Eth2/1 Asic :0 Slice: 0 Srcid: 32
2019-10-01 21:21:33,894 INFO ftriage: main:839 L3 packet Seen on bdsol-aci32-spine3 Ingress: Eth2/1 Egress: LC-2/0 FC-22/0 Port-1 Vnid: 2097154
2019-10-01 21:21:33,895 INFO ftriage: pktrec:490 bdsol-aci32-spine3: Collecting transient losses snapshot for LC module: 2
2019-10-01 21:21:54,487 INFO ftriage: fib:332 bdsol-aci32-spine3: Transit in spine
2019-10-01 21:22:01,568 INFO ftriage: unicast:1252 bdsol-aci32-spine3: Enter dbg_sub_nexthop with Transit inst: ig infra: False glbs.dipo: 10.0.96.66
2019-10-01 21:22:01,682 INFO ftriage: unicast:1417 bdsol-aci32-spine3: EP is known in COOP (DIPo = 10.0.96.66)
2019-10-01 21:22:05,713 INFO ftriage: unicast:1458 bdsol-aci32-spine3: Infra route 10.0.96.66 present in RIB
2019-10-01 21:22:05,713 INFO ftriage: node:1331 bdsol-aci32-spine3: Mapped LC interface: LC-2/0 FC-22/0 Port-1 to FC interface: FC-22/0 LC-2/0 Port-1
2019-10-01 21:22:10,799 INFO ftriage: node:460 bdsol-aci32-spine3: Extracted GPD Info for fc: 22
2019-10-01 21:22:10,799 INFO ftriage: fcls:5748 bdsol-aci32-spine3: FC trigger ELAM with IFS: FC-22/0 LC-2/0 Port-1 Asic :0 Slice: 2 Srcid: 24
2019-10-01 21:22:29,322 INFO ftriage: unicast:1774 L3 packet Seen on FC of node: bdsol-aci32-spine3 with Ingress: FC-22/0 LC-2/0 Port-1 Egress: FC-22/0 LC-2/0 Port-1 Vnid: 2097154
2019-10-01 21:22:29,322 INFO ftriage: pktrec:487 bdsol-aci32-spine3: Collecting transient losses snapshot for FC module: 22
2019-10-01 21:22:31,571 INFO ftriage: node:1339 bdsol-aci32-spine3: Mapped FC interface: FC-22/0 LC-2/0 Port-1 to LC interface: LC-2/0 FC-22/0 Port-1
2019-10-01 21:22:31,572 INFO ftriage: unicast:1474 bdsol-aci32-spine3: Capturing Spine Transit pkt-type L3 packet on egress LC on Node: bdsol-aci32-spine3 IFS: LC-2/0 FC-22/0 Port-1
2019-10-01 21:22:31,991 INFO ftriage: fcls:4414 bdsol-aci32-spine3: LC trigger ELAM with IFS: LC-2/0 FC-22/0 Port-1 Asic :0 Slice: 1 Srcid: 0
2019-10-01 21:22:48,952 INFO ftriage: unicast:1510 bdsol-aci32-spine3: L3 packet Spine egress Transit pkt Seen on bdsol-aci32-spine3 Ingress: LC-2/0 FC-22/0 Port-1 Egress: Eth2/3 Vnid: 2097154
2019-10-01 21:22:48,952 INFO ftriage: pktrec:490 bdsol-aci32-spine3: Collecting transient losses snapshot for LC module: 2
2019-10-01 21:23:50,748 INFO ftriage: main:622 Found peer-node bdsol-aci32-leaf3 and IF: Eth1/51 in candidate list
2019-10-01 21:24:05,313 INFO ftriage: main:839 L3 packet Seen on bdsol-aci32-leaf3 Ingress: Eth1/51 Egress: Eth1/12 (Po1) Vnid: 11365
2019-10-01 21:24:05,427 INFO ftriage: pktrec:490 bdsol-aci32-leaf3: Collecting transient losses snapshot for LC module: 1
2019-10-01 21:24:24,369 INFO ftriage: nxos:1404 bdsol-aci32-leaf3: nxos matching rule id:4326 scope:34 filter:65534
2019-10-01 21:24:25,698 INFO ftriage: main:522 Computed egress encap string vlan-2502
2019-10-01 21:24:25,704 INFO ftriage: main:313 Building egress BD(s), Ctx
2019-10-01 21:24:27,510 INFO ftriage: main:331 Egress Ctx Prod:VRF1
2019-10-01 21:24:27,510 INFO ftriage: main:332 Egress BD(s): Prod:BD2
2019-10-01 21:24:30,536 INFO ftriage: unicast:1252 bdsol-aci32-leaf3: Enter dbg_sub_nexthop with Local inst: eg infra: False glbs.dipo: 10.0.96.66
2019-10-01 21:24:30,537 INFO ftriage: unicast:1257 bdsol-aci32-leaf3: dbg_sub_nexthop invokes dbg_sub_eg for vip
2019-10-01 21:24:30,537 INFO ftriage: unicast:1784 bdsol-aci32-leaf3: <- is egress node
2019-10-01 21:24:30,684 INFO ftriage: unicast:1833 bdsol-aci32-leaf3: Dst EP is local
2019-10-01 21:24:30,685 INFO ftriage: misc:657 bdsol-aci32-leaf3: EP if(Po1) same as egr if(Po1)
2019-10-01 21:24:30,943 INFO ftriage: misc:657 bdsol-aci32-leaf3: Dst IP is present in SUG L3 tbl
2019-10-01 21:24:31,242 INFO ftriage: misc:657 bdsol-aci32-leaf3: RW seg_id:11365 in SUG same as EP segid:11365
2019-10-01 21:24:37,631 INFO ftriage: main:961 Packet is Exiting fabric with peer-device: bdsol-aci32-n3k-3 and peer-port: Ethernet1/12
使用ELAM Assistant应用在出口枝叶上捕获数据包
下面是来自主干的leaf3上使用ELAM Assistant应用捕获的数据包。这表明:
ELAM Assistant — L3流出口枝叶(第1部分)
ELAM Assistant — L3流出口枝叶(第2部分)
“数据包转发信息”部分证明它从port-channel 1获得
ELAM Assistant — L3出口枝叶 — 数据包转发信息
本部分显示入口枝叶不知道目标IP时的区别。
第一步是检查是否存在目的IP的终端学习。
leaf1# show endpoint ip 10.1.2.1
Legend:
s - arp H - vtep V - vpc-attached p - peer-aged
R - peer-attached-rl B - bounce S - static M - span
D - bounce-to-proxy O - peer-attached a - local-aged m - svc-mgr
L - local E - shared-service
+-----------------------------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------+------------+
VLAN/ Encap MAC Address MAC Info/ Interface
Domain VLAN IP Address IP Info
+-----------------------------------+---------------+-----------------+--------------+------------+
<NO ENTRY>
终端表中没有目的地的路由,因此下一步是检查路由表,查找到达目的地的最长前缀匹配路由:
leaf1# show ip route 10.1.2.1 vrf Prod:VRF1
IP Route Table for VRF "Prod:VRF1"
'*' denotes best ucast next-hop
'**' denotes best mcast next-hop
'[x/y]' denotes [preference/metric]
'%<string>' in via output denotes VRF <string>
10.1.2.0/24, ubest/mbest: 1/0, attached, direct, pervasive
*via 10.0.8.65%overlay-1, [1/0], 01:40:18, static, tag 4294967294
recursive next hop: 10.0.8.65/32%overlay-1
落在/24 BD子网10.1.2.0/24上意味着枝叶将帧封装在VXLAN中,目标TEP为10.0.8.65(主干上的任播v4)。 帧将使用VXLAN ID,即VRF VNID。
数据包将到达IP数据库中执行COOP查找的其中一个主干。必须验证源,并且需要从COOP数据库正确学习目的IP。
要在COOP数据库中查找IP,关键是VRF VNID(2097154示例中为10)
从下面的输出中,可以确认COOP数据库具有来自TEP 10.0.88.95(leaf1)的源IP的条目正确。
spine1# show coop internal info ip-db key 2097154 10.1.1.1
IP address : 10.1.1.1
Vrf : 2097154
Flags : 0
EP bd vnid : 15302583
EP mac : 00:00:10:01:01:01
Publisher Id : 10.0.88.95
Record timestamp : 10 01 2019 14:16:50 522482647
Publish timestamp : 10 01 2019 14:16:50 532239332
Seq No: 0
Remote publish timestamp: 01 01 1970 00:00:00 0
URIB Tunnel Info
Num tunnels : 1
Tunnel address : 10.0.88.95
Tunnel ref count : 1
以下输出显示,COOP数据库具有来自TEP 10.0.96.66(leaf3和4 VPC对的任播TEP)的目标IP条目正确
spine1# show coop internal info ip-db key 2097154 10.1.2.1
IP address : 10.1.2.1
Vrf : 2097154
Flags : 0
EP bd vnid : 15957974
EP mac : 00:00:10:01:02:01
Publisher Id : 10.0.88.90
Record timestamp : 10 01 2019 14:52:52 558812544
Publish timestamp : 10 01 2019 14:52:52 559479076
Seq No: 0
Remote publish timestamp: 01 01 1970 00:00:00 0
URIB Tunnel Info
Num tunnels : 1
Tunnel address : 10.0.96.66
Tunnel ref count : 1
在此场景中,COOP知道目标IP,因此它将将VXLAN数据包中外部IP报头的目标IP重写为10.0.96.66,然后发送到leaf3或leaf4(取决于ECMP散列)。 请注意,VXLAN帧的源IP未更改,因此它仍然是leaf1 PTEP。
如果目标IP的COOP条目未填充(静默终端或过期),主干将生成ARP收集器进行解析。有关详细信息,请参阅“多Pod转发”部分。
下图总结了第2层和第3层的ACI转发。
版本 | 发布日期 | 备注 |
---|---|---|
1.0 |
08-Aug-2022 |
初始版本 |