簡介
本檔案介紹如何對Cisco IOS® XE平台上的移動技術進行故障排除。
必要條件
需求
思科建議您瞭解以下主題:
採用元件
本檔案中的資訊是根據使用Cisco IOS XE軟體的路由器。
本文中的資訊是根據特定實驗室環境內的裝置所建立。文中使用到的所有裝置皆從已清除(預設)的組態來啟動。如果您的網路運作中,請確保您瞭解任何指令可能造成的影響。
背景資訊
當您對移動IP技術進行故障排除時,主要考慮事項是在蜂窩介面和無線網路控制器(RNC)之間有一個良好的訊號。您的Internet服務提供商(ISP)提供您用來在移動節點和外地代理/家鄉代理(FA/HA)之間建立隧道的IP地址。
未在DMNR Tunnel0上建立移動節點
本節提供行動網路(MN)上Tunnel0關閉的常見問題的解決方案。以下網路圖表為範例:
移動節點無法建立通向外部代理的Tunnel0。
MN#show ip int br | exclude unassigned
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
GigabitEthernet1/0 192.0.2.254 YES NVRAM up up
Cellular0/0/0 203.0.113.1 YES NVRAM up up
Loopback1234 x.x.x.x YES NVRAM up up
診斷問題
1.檢查MN上的配置,確認ISP提供的引數是正確的。
組態範例
|
ip mobile secure home-agent
spi 101 key hex <32 Hex digits> algorithm md5 mode prefix-suffix ip mobile router address < Non-routable IP address, local Loopback> home-agent
mobile-network < LAN network to be propagated over the tunnel> reverse-tunnel tunnel mode gre |
2.使用show ip mobile router 命令確認傳送到ISP的引數。
MN#show ip mobile router
Mobile Router
Enabled 05/29/23 21:57:14
Last redundancy state transition NEVER
Configuration:
Home Address x.x.x.x Mask 255.255.255.0
Home Agent 203.0.113.10 Priority 100 (best)
Registration lifetime 65534 sec
Retransmit Init 1000, Max 5000 msec, Limit 3
Extend Expire 120, Retry 3, Interval 10
Reverse tunnel required
Request GRE tunnel
Multi-path enabled, Requested metric: bandwidth
Mobile Networks: GigabitEthernet1/0 (192.0.2.0/255.255.255.0)
Monitor:
Status -Pending-
No active agent
No Tunnel
3.啟用debug ip mobile router detail,並檢查系統日誌中的MobRtrX消息。
MN#debug ip mobile router detail
Mobile router details debugging is on
MN#
*May 29 22:35:19.319: MobRtrX: Register timer to 203.0.113.2 (CoA 203.0.113.2) expired
*May 29 22:35:19.319: MobRtrX: Extsize 18 netcnt 1
*May 29 22:35:19.319: MobRtrX: 1) Mobile network 192.0.2.0/24
*May 29 22:35:19.319: MobRtrX: Roaming Interface Attributes: ID 6 BW 1000000
*May 29 22:35:19.319: MobRtrX: Status Pending -> Pending
*May 29 22:35:28.319:
MobRtrX: Register timer to 203.0.113.2 (CoA 203.0.113.2) expired
*May 29 22:35:28.319:
MobRtrX: Status Isolated -> Isolated ...
要考慮的日誌:
- 蜂窩介面使用轉交地址(CoA)向FA/HA傳送註冊,該轉交地址是ISP端IP地址的一部分。
MobRtrX:203.0.113.2(CoA 203.0.113.2)的註冊計時器已過期
- 傳送允許通過隧道的網路通告。
MobRtrX:1)行動網路192.0.2.0/24
- MN等待HA的應答以建立隧道。
MobRtrX:狀態待定 — >待定
- 已超出計時器。這被宣佈為孤立。下一步是執行新請求。
MobRtrX:203.0.113.2(CoA 203.0.113.2)的註冊計時器已過期
MobRtrX:狀態隔離 — >隔離
4.驗證是否在路由器上執行註冊。在此情況中,計數器將重新啟動以計數器00:00。
MN#show ip mobile router registration
Mobile Router Registrations:
Foreign agent 203.0.113.2:
Registration count 4, Interval 5 sec, On Cellular0/0/0
Care-of addr 203.0.113.2, HA addr 203.0.113.10, Home addr x.x.x.x
Lifetime requested 01:00:00 (3600)
Flags sbdmG-T-, Identification E81FACF1.53E5A9D0
Register next time 00:00:02
Extensions:
Mobile Network 192.0.2.0/24
MN-HA Authentication SPI 101
MN#show ip mobile router registration
Mobile Router Registrations:
Foreign agent 203.0.113.2:
Registration count 4, Interval 5 sec, On Cellular0/0/0
Care-of addr 203.0.113.2, HA addr 203.0.113.10, Home addr x.x.x.x
Lifetime requested 01:00:00 (3600)
Flags sbdmG-T-, Identification E81FACF1.53E5A9D0
Register next time 00:00:01
Extensions:
Mobile Network 192.0.2.0/24
MN-HA Authentication SPI 101
5.使用show ip mobile router traffic指令驗證流量狀態。
MN#show ip mobile router traffic
Mobile Router Counters:
Agent Discovery:
Solicitations sent 11, advertisements received 494
Agent reboots detected 0
Registration:
Register 988, Deregister 0 requests sent
Register 987, Deregister 0 replies received
Requests accepted 0, denied 0 by HA 0 / FA 0
Denied due to mismatched ID 0
Authentication failed for HA 0 / FA 0
Invalid extensions 0, ignored 0
Invalid home address 0, ID 987
Unknown HA 0 / FA 0
Gratuitous ARPs sent 0
Movement:
Came up on HA 0, on FA 0
Moved HA to FA 0, FA to FA 0, FA to HA 0
Better interface detected 0
New HA Registrations 0
Tunnel Traffic:
Packets received 0, sent 0
Mobile Router Counters:
Bytes received 0, sent 0
Services:
Redundancy state active 0, passive
重要日誌:
- 移動節點傳送資料包以驗證它是否連線到FA或裝置是否已經從其位置移動;此消息是TTL 1的ICMP,在FA收到資料包後,它會以連線到網際網路的點進行響應(通告)。
發出了11個請求,收到廣告494
- FA/HA接受要註冊的移動節點。
請求接受0,HA 0/FA 0 <失敗輸出>拒絕0
接受的請求2, HA 0 / FA 1 <工作輸出>拒絕1
6.在控制平面中繼續嵌入式資料包捕獲(EPC),以驗證向FA註冊的資料包,即從FA到移動節點的響應資料包的代碼。顯示失敗的原因。
在捕獲中,MN傳送請求請求請求隧道,FA以錯誤代碼78回覆。此代碼表示由於資料包的傳送不正常,在MN和HA之間建立隧道時出現問題;由於這種情況,FA傳送超時。
未建立移動隧道(間歇性連線)
在此案例中,問題出在ISP提供商,他們沒有建立與移動節點到FA的連線,這是在HA和移動節點之間建立隧道的第一步。
移動節點無法建立Tunnel0並保持穩定的隧道。
MN#show log | sec Tunnel
*May 30 17:11:08.503: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Tunnel0, changed state to up
*May 30 17:17:01.855: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Tunnel0, changed state to up
*May 30 17:23:27.483: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Tunnel0, changed state to up
*May 30 17:29:16.687: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Tunnel0, changed state to up
*May 30 17:30:45.699: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Tunnel0, changed state to up
*May 30 17:34:07.719: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Tunnel0, changed state to up
*May 30 17:35:16.451: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Tunnel0, changed state to up
1.檢查朝向安森納(RNC)的蜂窩訊號
2.驗證移動路由器狀態。
MN#show ip mobile router
Mobile Router
Enabled 05/30/23 17:11:00
Last redundancy state transition NEVER
Configuration:
Home Address x.x.x.x Mask 255.255.255.0
Home Agent 203.0.113.10 Priority 100 (best) (current)
Registration lifetime 65534 sec
Retransmit Init 1000, Max 5000 msec, Limit 3
Extend Expire 120, Retry 3, Interval 10
Reverse tunnel required
Request GRE tunnel
Multi-path enabled, Requested metric: bandwidth
Mobile Networks: GigabitEthernet1/0 (192.0.2.0/255.255.255.0)
Monitor:
Status -Pending-
No active agent
No Tunnel
4.啟用debug ip mobile router並驗證日誌。
MN#debug ip mobile router
Mobile router debugging is on
*May 30 18:29:53.103: MobRtr: Delete FA 203.0.113.2 CoA 203.0.113.2 int Cellular0/0/0
*May 30 18:29:53.103: MobRtr: Delete reg to FA 203.0.113.2 (CoA 203.0.113.2) int Cellular0/0/0
*May 30 18:29:53.103: MobRtr: Delete default route (Tunnel0)
*May 30 18:29:53.107: MobRtr: Delete host route to HA 203.0.113.10 via 203.0.113.2 (Cellular0/0/0)
*May 30 18:29:53.107: MobRtr: Delete GW 203.0.113.2
*May 30 18:29:53.111: MobRtr: Status Registered -> Isolated
*May 30 18:29:53.111: MobRtr: Delete tunnel Tunnel0 s x.x.x.x d 203.0.113.10
*May 30 18:30:04.159: MobRtr: New agent 203.0.113.2 CoA 203.0.113.2 int Cellular0/0/0 MAC ca03.429d.0038
*May 30 18:30:04.163: MobRtr: Register reason: left home
*May 30 18:30:04.167: HA entry 203.0.113.10 updated with RegID E820BF2C
*May 30 18:30:04.171: MobRtr: Register to FA 203.0.113.2 CoA 203.0.113.2 home x.x.x.x HA 203.0.113.10 life 36000
int Cellular0/0/0 flag sbdmGT cnt 0 id E820BF2C.2AEC80C8
*May 30 18:30:04.171: MobRtr: Status Isolated -> Pending
*May 30 18:30:04.319: MobRtr: MN rcv accept (0) reply on Cellular0/0/0 from 203.0.113.2 lifetime 36000
id E820BF2C.2AEC80C8
*May 30 18:30:04.323: MobRtr: No Active FA
*May 30 18:30:04.323: MobRtr: Status Pending -> Registered
*May 30 18:30:04.387: MobRtr: Add host route to HA 203.0.113.10 via 203.0.113.2 (Cellular0/0/0) 0
*May 30 18:30:04.391: MobRtr: Add default route via 203.0.113.2 (Tunnel0) 0
MN#
*May 30 18:30:04.399: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Tunnel0, changed state to up
重要日誌:
- 由於連線不穩定,轉交地址(CoA)被斷開,因此,通過Tunnel0的預設路由與MN和HA之間的連線一起從MN中刪除。這將導致調試處於隔離狀態。
MobRtr:刪除FA 203.0.113.2 CoA 203.0.113.2 int Cellular0/0/0
MobRtr:刪除預設路由(Tunnel0)
MobRtr:刪除通過203.0.113.2(Cellular0/0/0)到HA 203.0.113.10的主機路由
MobRtr:狀態已註冊 — >隔離
MobRtr:刪除隧道隧道0 s x.x.x.x d 203.0.113.10
- 移動節點將ID傳送到FA以建立新隧道。
HA條目203.0.113.10已使用RegID E820BF2C更新
MobRtr:註冊到FA 203.0.113.2 CoA 203.0.113.2 home x.x.x.x HA 203.0.113.10 life 36000 int Cellular0/0/0標誌sbdmGT cnt 0 id E820BF2C.2AEC80C8
MobRtr:狀態已隔離 — >待定
- 移動節點從HA接收代碼0並註冊此連線,建立指向MN和HA的主機路由。一旦通道建立,預設路由就會傳送到HA。
MobRtr: 從203.0.113.2生存期36000 id E820BF2C.2AEC80C8對Cellular0/0/0接受(0)應答
MobRtr:狀態待定 — >已註冊
MobRtr:新增通過203.0.113.2(Cellular0/0/0)0到HA 203.0.113.10的主機路由
MobRtr:通過203.0.113.2(Tunnel0)0新增預設路由
5 — 在控制平面中繼續執行嵌入式資料包捕獲(EPC),並驗證從MN到FA的資料包,反之亦然。
在捕獲中,MN傳送請求。HA沒有收到回應,因此FA以代碼80回覆,但網路無法到達。
在此案例中,問題在於ISP路徑不穩定。HA和FA之間的通訊不穩定,不會在它們之間建立隧道來傳送資料包。
值代碼
64 |
原因未指定 |
65 |
管理性禁止 |
66 |
資源不足 |
67 |
移動節點身份驗證失敗 |
68 |
Home Agent身份驗證失敗 |
69 |
請求的生存時間太長 |
70 |
格式不正確的請求 |
71 |
格式不正確的回覆 |
72 |
請求的封裝不可用 |
73 |
保留和不可用 |
77 |
轉交地址無效 |
78 |
註冊超時 |
80 |
Home Network Unreachable(收到ICMP錯誤) |
81 |
Home Agent Host Unreachable(收到ICMP錯誤) |
82 |
Home Agent Port Unreachable(收到ICMP錯誤) |
88 |
Home Agent Unreachable(收到其他ICMP錯誤) |