CISCO-IP-URPF-MIB Support

The CISCO-IP-URPF-MIB support provides Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) notification when a specified drop-rate threshold on a managed device is exceeded. You can use the IP Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF) feature to avert denial of service (DoS) attacks by verifying the validity of the source IP of an incoming packet. You can configure the Unicast RPF drop-rate threshold globally for a device or per interface.

Finding Feature Information

Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and feature information, see Bug Search Tool and the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the feature information table at the end of this module.

Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/​go/​cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.

Prerequisites for CISCO-IP-URPF-MIB Support

Before you configure CISCO-IP-URPF-MIB, you must configure the following features:

  • Cisco Express Forwarding switching
  • IP routing
  • SNMP
  • Unicast RPF

Restrictions for CISCO-IP-URPF-MIB Support

  • Because Cisco IOS software does not support VPN routing and forwarding (VRF)-specific Unicast RPF counters, it does not support the following MIB objects related to VRF:
    • cipUrpfIfVrfName
    • cipUrpfVrfName
    • cipUrpfVrfIfDrops
    • cipUrpfVrfIfDiscontinuityTime
  • This implementation of the CISCO-IP-URPF MIB supports only IPv4.

Information About CISCO-IP-URPF-MIB Support

Implementation of Unicast RPF Notification

Unicast RPF is a security feature that verifies the validity of the source IP of an incoming packet. When a packet arrives at an interface and its source IP is unknown in the routing table or is a known bad source address, Unicast RPF drops the packet. IP verification of the source is done to prevent the DoS attacks by detecting problems with the incoming packets on an interface. However, deploying Unicast RPF without some automated monitoring capability is a challenge.

The CISCO-IP-URPF-MIB lets you specify a Unicast RPF drop-rate threshold on interfaces of a managed device that will send an SNMP notification when the threshold is exceeded. The MIB includes objects for specifying global and per-interface drop counts and drop rates and a method to generate SNMP traps when the drop rate exceeds a configurable per-interface threshold.

Although you can configure some parameters globally, you must configure the CISCO-IP-URPF-MIB on individual interfaces.

Elements of Unicast RPF Notification

The elements described in the following sections make Unicast RPF drop-rate notification work:

Drop-Rate Computation

Whenever Unicast RPF is configured on an interface, the drop-rate calculation is done periodically (at intervals specified by the cipUrpfComputeInterval object). Drop rates are computed over a constantly sliding window, whose period starts at the configured number of seconds before the calculation and ends with the performance of the calculation.

Global Scalars

The following global scalars affect how the MIB agent computes all drop rates and generates notifications:

  • cipUrpfDropRateWindow--This object specifies the window of time in the recent past over which the drop rate computation occurs. If there was no window (that is, the window is the epoch since booting up), an identical drop count burst at a later time would produce a lower drop rate than the one occurring earlier.
  • cipUrpfComputeInterval--This object specifies how often the drop-rate computation occurs.
  • cipUrpfDropNotifyHoldDownTime--This object specifies the minimum time between notifications for a particular packet flow on an interface.

Global Tables

The CISCO-IP-URPF-MIB includes the following global tables:

  • cipUrpfTable--This table contains the global drop count and drop-rate objects per packet flow. These global rates are useful for quickly determining whether the managed device had Unicast RPF activity at a specific time.
  • cipUrpfVrfTable--This table contains the index drop counters by VRF (if a VRF routing table is used to determine Unicast RPF checking). The table provides a method for VRF to index all the Unicast RPF-enabled interfaces.

Per-Interface Configuration

The following MIB objects enable per-interface configuration:

  • cipUrpfIfDropRateNotifyEnable--This object specifies whether the system produces the cipUrpfIfDropRateNotify notification because Unicast RPF has dropped version cipUrpfIfIpVersion IP packets on the specified interface.
  • cipUrpfIfNotifyDropRateThreshold--This object specifies the drop-rate threshold value above which a notification is generated.

Per-Interface Statistics

The following MIB objects track per-interface statistics:

  • cipUrpfIfMonTable--This table contains the statistics for a particular packet flow on an interface.
  • cipUrpfIfDrops--This object accumulates Unicast RPF drops on an interface. Snapshots of this value are used in the drop-rate computation. The computed drop rate is specified in the cipUrpfIfDropRate object. If Unicast RPF is configured on a subinterface, drop rates are computed.

How to Configure Unicast RPF Drop-Rate Notification

Configuring Unicast RPF Drop-Rate Notification via Syslog

Perform this task to configure the Unicast RPF drop-rate threshold and computation parameters for notification via syslog.

SUMMARY STEPS

    1.    enable

    2.    configure terminal

    3.    ip verify drop-rate compute window seconds

    4.    ip verify drop-rate compute interval seconds

    5.    ip verify drop-rate notify hold-down seconds

    6.    interface type number

    7.    ip verify unicast notification threshold packets-per-second

    8.    end

    9.    show ip interface type number

    10.    debug ip verify mib


DETAILED STEPS
      Command or Action Purpose
    Step 1 enable


    Example: 
    Router> enable
     

    Enables privileged EXEC mode.

    • Enter your password if prompted.
     
    Step 2 configure terminal


    Example: 
    Router# configure terminal
     

    Enters global configuration mode.

     
    Step 3 ip verify drop-rate compute window seconds


    Example: 
    Router(config)# ip verify drop-rate compute window 60
     

    Configures the period of time, in seconds, over which the Unicast RPF drop count used in the drop-rate computation is collected.

    • The range is from 30 to 300. The default is 300.
    Note   

    The value for the compute window must be greater than or equal to that entered using the ip verify drop-rate compute interval command.
     
    Step 4 ip verify drop-rate compute interval seconds


    Example: 
    Router(config)# ip verify drop-rate compute interval 60
     

    Configures the interval of time, in seconds, between Unicast RPF drop-rate computations.

    • The range is from 30 to 300. The default is 30.
    Note   

    The value for the compute interval must be less than or equal to that entered using the ip verify drop-rate compute window command.
     
    Step 5 ip verify drop-rate notify hold-down seconds


    Example: 
    Router(config)# ip verify drop-rate notify hold-down 60
     

    Configures the minimum time, in seconds, between Unicast RPF drop-rate notifications.

    • The range is from 30 to 300. The default is 300.
     
    Step 6 interface type number


    Example: 
    Router(config)# interface ethernet 3/0
     

    Configures an interface and enters interface configuration mode.

     
    Step 7 ip verify unicast notification threshold packets-per-second


    Example: 
    Router(config-if)# ip verify unicast notification threshold 750
     

    Configures the threshold value, in packets per second, which determines whether to send a Unicast RPF drop-rate notification.

    • The range is from 0 to 2147483647. The default is 1000.
    Note   

    If you configure the threshold as 0, every packet drop triggers a notification.
     
    Step 8 end


    Example: 
    Router(config-if)# end
     

    Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

     
    Step 9 show ip interface type number


    Example: 
    Router# show ip interface ethernet 2/3
     

    (Optional) Displays the verification drop rate and the number of verification drops when Unicast RPF is configured for an interface.

     
    Step 10 debug ip verify mib


    Example: 
    Router# debug ip verify mib
     

    (Optional) Displays output that is useful for troubleshooting Unicast RPF notification.

     

    Configuring Unicast RPF Drop-Rate Notification via SNMP

    Perform this task to configure the Unicast RPF drop-rate threshold and computation parameters for notification via SNMP.

    SUMMARY STEPS

      1.    enable

      2.    configure terminal

      3.    ip verify drop-rate compute window seconds

      4.    ip verify drop-rate compute interval seconds

      5.    ip verify drop-rate notify hold-down seconds

      6.    interface type number

      7.    ip verify unicast notification threshold packets-per-second

      8.    snmp trap ip verify drop-rate

      9.    end

      10.    show ip interface type number

      11.    debug ip verify mib


    DETAILED STEPS
        Command or Action Purpose
      Step 1 enable


      Example: 
      Router> enable
       

      Enables privileged EXEC mode.

      • Enter your password if prompted.
       
      Step 2 configure terminal


      Example: 
      Router# configure terminal
       

      Enters global configuration mode.

       
      Step 3 ip verify drop-rate compute window seconds


      Example: 
      Router(config)# ip verify drop-rate compute window 60
       

      Configures the period of time, in seconds, over which the Unicast RPF drop count used in the drop-rate computation is collected.

      • The range is from 30 to 300. The default is 300.
      Note   

      The value for the compute window must be greater than or equal to that entered using the ip verify drop-rate compute interval command.
       
      Step 4 ip verify drop-rate compute interval seconds


      Example: 
      Router(config)# ip verify drop-rate compute interval 60
       

      Configures the interval of time, in seconds, between Unicast RPF drop-rate computations.

      • The range is from 30 to 300. The default is 30.
      Note   

      The value for the compute interval must be less than or equal to that entered using the ip verify drop-rate compute windowcommand.
       
      Step 5 ip verify drop-rate notify hold-down seconds


      Example: 
      Router(config)# ip verify drop-rate notify hold-down 60
       

      Configures the minimum time, in seconds, between Unicast RPF drop-rate notifications.

      • The range is from 30 to 300. The default is 300.
       
      Step 6 interface type number


      Example: 
      Router(config)# interface ethernet 3/0
       

      Configures an interface and enters interface configuration mode.

       
      Step 7 ip verify unicast notification threshold packets-per-second


      Example: 
      Router(config-if)# ip verify unicast notification threshold 750
       

      Configures the threshold value, in packets per second, which determines whether to send a Unicast RPF drop-rate notification.

      • The range is from 0 to 2147483647. The default is 1000.
      Note   

      If you configure the threshold to be 0, every packet drop triggers a notification.
       
      Step 8 snmp trap ip verify drop-rate


      Example: 
      Router(config-if)# snmp trap ip verify drop-rate
       

      Configures the router to send an SNMP notification when the Unicast RPF drop rate exceeds the configured threshold.

       
      Step 9 end


      Example: 
      Router(config-if)# end
       

      Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

       
      Step 10 show ip interface type number


      Example: 
      Router# show ip interface ethernet 2/3
       

      (Optional) Displays the verification drop rate and the number of verification drops when Unicast RPF is configured for an interface.

       
      Step 11 debug ip verify mib


      Example: 
      Router# debug ip verify mib
       

      (Optional) Displays output that is useful for troubleshooting Unicast RPF notification.

       

      Configuration Examples for CISCO-IP-URPF-MIB Support

      Example Configuring Unicast RPF Drop-Rate Notification via Syslog

      The following example shows how to configure Unicast RPF drop-rate notification via syslog:

      Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# ip verify drop-rate compute window 60
Router(config)# ip verify drop-rate compute interval 60
Router(config)# ip verify drop-rate notify hold-down 60
Router(config)# i
nterface ethernet 3/0
Router(config-if)# ip verify unicast notification threshold 750
Router(config-if)# end

      Example Configuring Unicast RPF Drop-Rate Notification via SNMP

      The following example shows how to configure Unicast RPF drop-rate notification via SNMP:

      Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# ip verify drop-rate compute window 60
Router(config)# ip verify drop-rate compute interval 60
Router(config)# ip verify drop-rate notify hold-down 60
Router(config)# interface ethernet 3/0
Router(config-if)# ip verify unicast notification threshold 750
Router(config-if)# snmp trap ip verify drop-rate
Router(config-if)# end

      Example Verifying and Troubleshooting the Unicast RPF Configuration

      The following is sample output from the show ip interface command. The output displays the verification drop rate and the number of verification drops when Unicast RPF is configured for an interface. The last five lines in the following example show the output of the show ip interfacecommand when Unicast RPF is configured:

      Router# show ip interface ethernet 2/3
Ethernet2/3 is up, line protocol is up
  Internet address is 10.10.5.4/16
  Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255
  Address determined by non-volatile memory
  MTU is 1500 bytes
  Helper address is not set
  Directed broadcast forwarding is disabled
  Outgoing access list is not set
  Inbound  access list is not set
  Proxy ARP is enabled
  Local Proxy ARP is disabled
  Security level is default
  Split horizon is enabled
  ICMP redirects are always sent
  ICMP unreachables are always sent
  ICMP mask replies are never sent
  IP fast switching is disabled
  IP Flow switching is disabled
  IP CEF switching is disabled
  IP Null turbo vector
  IP Null turbo vector
  IP multicast fast switching is disabled
  IP multicast distributed fast switching is disabled
  IP route-cache flags are No CEF
  Router Discovery is disabled
  IP output packet accounting is disabled
  IP access violation accounting is disabled
  TCP/IP header compression is disabled
  RTP/IP header compression is disabled
  Probe proxy name replies are disabled
  Policy routing is disabled
  Network address translation is disabled
  WCCP Redirect outbound is disabled
  WCCP Redirect inbound is disabled
  WCCP Redirect exclude is disabled
  BGP Policy Mapping is disabled
  Input features: uRPF
  IP verify source reachable-via RX, allow default
   0 verification drops
   0 suppressed verification drops
   0 verification drop-rate
Router#

      The following is sample output from the debug ip verify mib command. The command displays output that is useful for troubleshooting Unicast RPF notification:

      Router# debug ip verify mib
01:29:45: cipUrpfScalar_get, searchType 161
01:29:45: ipurpfmib_get_scalars
01:29:45: cipUrpfScalar_get, searchType 161
01:29:45: cipUrpfScalar_get, searchType 161
01:29:45: ipurpfmib_get_scalars
01:29:45: cipUrpfScalar_get, searchType 161
01:29:45: cipUrpfScalar_get, searchType 161
01:29:45: ipurpfmib_get_scalars
01:29:45: cipUrpfScalar_get, searchType 161ipurpfmib_get_urpf_entryipurpfmib_get_urpf_entryipurpfmib_get_urpf_entryipurpfmib_get_
urpf_entry
01:29:45: cipUrpfIfMonEntry_get, searchType 161
01:29:45: ipurpfmib_get_urpf_ifmon_entry entry: ST 161, if 1, ip 1
01:29:45: cipUrpfIfMonEntry_get, searchType 161
01:29:45: ipurpfmib_get_urpf_ifmon_entry entry: ST 161, if 1, ip 1
01:29:45: cipUrpfIfMonEntry_get, searchType 161
01:29:45: ipurpfmib_get_urpf_ifmon_entry entry: ST 161, if 1, ip 1
01:29:45: cipUrpfIfMonEntry_get, searchType 161
01:29:45: ipurpfmib_get_urpf_ifmon_entry entry: ST 161, if 1, ip 1
01:29:45: cipUrpfIfMonEntry_get, searchType 161
01:29:45: ipurpfmib_get_urpf_ifmon_entry entry: ST 161, if 1, ip 1
01:29:45: cipUrpfIfMonEntry_get, searchType 161
01:29:45: ipurpfmib_get_urpf_ifmon_entry entry: ST 161, if 1, ip 1
01:29:45: cipUrpfIfMonEntry_get, searchType 161
01:29:45: ipurpfmib_get_urpf_ifmon_entry entry: ST 161, if 1, ip 1
01:29:45: cipUrpfIfMonEntry_get, searchType 161
01:29:45: ipurpfmib_get_urpf_ifmon_entry entry: ST 161, if 1, ip 1
01:29:45: cipUrpfIfMonEntry_get, searchType 161
01:29:45: ipurpfmib_get_urpf_ifmon_entry entry: ST 161, if 1, ip 1
01:29:45: cipUrpfIfMonEntry_get, searchType 161
01:29:45: ipurpfmib_get_urpf_ifmon_entry entry: ST 161, if 1, ip 1

      Additional References

      Related Documents

      Related Topic

      Document Title

      Cisco IOS commands

      Cisco IOS Master Commands List, All Releases

      Security commands

      Cisco IOS Security Command Reference

      Configuring Unicast RPF

      “Configuring Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding” module in the Cisco IOS Security Configuration Guide: Securing the Data Plane

      Configuring SNMP

      “Configuring SNMP Support” module in the Network Management Configuration Guide

      MIBs

      MIB

      MIBs Link

      CISCO-IP-URPF-MIB

      To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms, Cisco IOS releases, and feature sets, use Cisco MIB Locator found at the following URL:

      http:/​/​www.cisco.com/​go/​mibs

      RFCs

      RFC

      Title

      None

      --

      Technical Assistance

      Description

      Link

      The Cisco Support and Documentation website provides online resources to download documentation, software, and tools. Use these resources to install and configure the software and to troubleshoot and resolve technical issues with Cisco products and technologies. Access to most tools on the Cisco Support and Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password.

      http:/​/​www.cisco.com/​cisco/​web/​support/​index.html

      Feature Information for CISCO-IP-URPF-MIB Support

      The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. This table lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature.

      Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/​go/​cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.

      Table 1 Feature Information for CISCO-IP-URPF-MIB Support

      Feature Name

      Releases

      Feature Information

      CISCO-IP-URPF-MIB Support

      Cisco IOS XE Release 3.9S

      The CISCO-IP-URPF-MIB provides SNMP notification when a specified drop-rate threshold on a managed device is exceeded. You can use the IP Unicast RPF feature to avert DoS attacks by verifying the validity of the source IP of an incoming packet. You can configure the Unicast RPF drop-rate threshold globally for a device or per interface.

      The following commands were introduced or modified: debug ip verify mib, ip verify drop-rate compute interval, ip verify drop-rate compute window, ip verify drop-rate notify hold-down, ip verify unicast notification threshold, show ip interface, snmp trap ip verify drop-rate