Contents

Tunnel Route Selection

The Tunnel Route Selection feature allows the tunnel transport to be routed using a subset of the routing table. When there are equal-cost routes to a tunnel destination, normal tunnel transport behavior is to use one of the available routes chosen at random. The Tunnel Route Selection feature allows the explicit configuration of the outgoing interface for the tunnel transport.

Finding Feature Information

Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and feature information, see Bug Search Tool and the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the feature information table at the end of this module.

Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/​go/​cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.

Prerequisites for Tunnel Route Selection

Tunnel interfaces are configured.

Restrictions for Tunnel Route Selection

This feature is supported in the following tunnel modes only:

  • Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) IP

  • GRE Multipoint

  • IP in IP

  • Mobile User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

This feature is not supported on a tunnel when the tunnel transport is a GRE Multipoint tunnel.

Supported Configuration

interface tunnel 0
  tunnel mode gre multipoint
  tunnel route-via tunnel 1
interface tunnel 1
   tunnel mode gre ip

Unsupported Configuration

interface tunnel 0
  tunnel mode gre multipoint
  tunnel route-via tunnel 1
interface tunnel 1
  tunnel mode gre multipoint

Information About Tunnel Route Selection

Tunnel Transport Behavior

The Tunnel Route Selection feature allows the tunnel transport to be routed using a subset of the routing table by specifying the outgoing interface of the tunnel transport.

The Tunnel Route Selection feature is not the same as an implementation of policy-based routing for the tunnel transport. The Tunnel Route Selection feature will forward traffic using only a subset of the route table, and it cannot introduce routing loops into the network.

The figure below compares default tunnel behavior with the Tunnel Route Selection behavior.

Figure 1. Tunnel Route Selection Traffic

How to Configure Tunnel Route Selection

Configuring Tunnel Route Selection

Perform the following steps to specify the outgoing interface of the tunnel transport to route the tunnel transport using a subset of the routing table.

SUMMARY STEPS

    1.    enable

    2.    configure terminal

    3.    interface tunnel interface-number

    4.    tunnel route-via interface-type interface-number {mandatory | preferred}

    5.    end


DETAILED STEPS
     Command or ActionPurpose
    Step 1 enable


    Example:
    Router> enable
     

    Enables privileged EXEC mode.

    • Enter your password if prompted.

     
    Step 2 configure terminal


    Example:
    Router# configure terminal
     

    Enters global configuration mode.

     
    Step 3 interface tunnel interface-number


    Example:
    Router(config)# interface tunnel 0
     

    Configures a tunnel interface and enters interface configuration mode.

     
    Step 4 tunnel route-via interface-type interface-number {mandatory | preferred}


    Example:
    Router(config-if)# tunnel route-via ethernet0 mandatory
     

    Specifies the outgoing interface to be used by the tunnel transport.

     
    Step 5 end


    Example:
    Router(config-if)# end
     

    Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

     

    Troubleshooting Tips

    To troubleshoot your configuration, use the debug tunnel route-via command in privileged EXEC mode. The following is sample output from the debug tunnel route-via command after the tunnel route-via command was used to route the tunnel transport explicitly using a subset of the routing table.

    Router# debug tunnel route-via
Tunnel route-via debugging is on
Router#
*May 23 08:40:53.707: TUN-VIA: Tunnel0 candidate route-via Ethernet0/0, next hop 10.73.2.1
*May 23 08:40:53.707: TUN-VIA: Tunnel0 route-via action is forward
*May 23 08:41:03.719: TUN-VIA: Tunnel0 candidate route-via Ethernet0/0, next hop 10.73.2.1
*May 23 08:41:03.719: TUN-VIA: Tunnel0 route-via action is forward
Router# undebug tunnel route-via
Tunnel route-via debugging is off

    What to Do Next

    You can verify the tunnel route selection configuration. To verify your configuration, use the show interfaces tunnel command in privileged EXEC mode. The following example shows that the tunnel transport is routed using a subset of the routing table by specifying the outgoing interface of the tunnel transport.

    Router# show running-config interface tunnel 0
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 147 bytes
!
interface Tunnel0
 ip unnumbered Loopback0
 tunnel source Loopback0
 tunnel destination 10.73.0.102
 tunnel route-via Ethernet0 preferred
end
Router# show interfaces tunnel 0 | include route-via

    Tunnel route-via feature is on [Ethernet0, preferred]

    Configuration Examples for Tunnel Route Selection

    Example Configuring Tunnel Route Selection

    The following example shows Tunnel 0 configured to use Ethernet interface 0 as its preferred outgoing transport interface. Traffic that exits the router using the tunnel 0 interface will be sent out of Ethernet interface 0 if there is a route to the tunnel destination out of Ethernet interface 0. If there is no route out of Ethernet interface 0, the traffic will be forwarded as if the Tunnel Route Selection feature were not configured.

    If the tunnel route-via interface-type interface-number mandatory command is configured, and there is no route to the tunnel destination using that interface, a point-to-point tunnel interface will go into a down state.

    Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)# interface tunnel 0
Router(config-if)# tunnel route-via ethernet0 preferred
Router(config-if)# end
Router# show running-config interface tunnel 0
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 147 bytes
!
interface Tunnel0
 ip unnumbered Loopback0
 tunnel source Loopback0
 tunnel destination 10.73.0.102
 tunnel route-via Ethernet0 preferred
end

    Additional References

    Related Documents

    Related Topic

    Document Title

    Cisco IOS commands

    Cisco IOS Master Command List, All Releases

    Interface commands: define interface-range, interface range, and interface vlan.

    Cisco IOS Interface and Hardware Component Command Reference

    Configuration commands: show running-config.

    Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Command Reference

    Technical Assistance

    Description

    Link

    The Cisco Support and Documentation website provides online resources to download documentation, software, and tools. Use these resources to install and configure the software and to troubleshoot and resolve technical issues with Cisco products and technologies. Access to most tools on the Cisco Support and Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password.

    http:/​/​www.cisco.com/​cisco/​web/​support/​index.html

    Feature Information for Tunnel Route Selection

    The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. This table lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature.

    Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to . An account on Cisco.com is not required.
    Table 1 Feature Information for Tunnel Route Selection

    Feature Name

    Releases

    Feature Information

    Tunnel Route Selection

    12.4(11)T

    15.0(1)M

    Cisco IOS Release 3.9S

    The Tunnel Route Selection feature allows the tunnel transport to be routed using a subset of the routing table. When there are equal-cost routes to a tunnel destination, normal tunnel transport behavior is to use one of the available routes chosen at random. The Tunnel Route Selection feature allows the explicit configuration of the outgoing interface for the tunnel transport.

    The following commands were introduced or modified: debug tunnel route-via, tunnel route-via, show interfaces tunnel.

    Tunnel Route Selection

    Tunnel Route Selection

    The Tunnel Route Selection feature allows the tunnel transport to be routed using a subset of the routing table. When there are equal-cost routes to a tunnel destination, normal tunnel transport behavior is to use one of the available routes chosen at random. The Tunnel Route Selection feature allows the explicit configuration of the outgoing interface for the tunnel transport.

    Finding Feature Information

    Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and feature information, see Bug Search Tool and the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the feature information table at the end of this module.

    Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/​go/​cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.

    Prerequisites for Tunnel Route Selection

    Tunnel interfaces are configured.

    Restrictions for Tunnel Route Selection

    This feature is supported in the following tunnel modes only:

    • Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) IP

    • GRE Multipoint

    • IP in IP

    • Mobile User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

    This feature is not supported on a tunnel when the tunnel transport is a GRE Multipoint tunnel.

    Supported Configuration

    interface tunnel 0
  tunnel mode gre multipoint
  tunnel route-via tunnel 1
interface tunnel 1
   tunnel mode gre ip

    Unsupported Configuration

    interface tunnel 0
  tunnel mode gre multipoint
  tunnel route-via tunnel 1
interface tunnel 1
  tunnel mode gre multipoint

    Information About Tunnel Route Selection

    Tunnel Transport Behavior

    The Tunnel Route Selection feature allows the tunnel transport to be routed using a subset of the routing table by specifying the outgoing interface of the tunnel transport.

    The Tunnel Route Selection feature is not the same as an implementation of policy-based routing for the tunnel transport. The Tunnel Route Selection feature will forward traffic using only a subset of the route table, and it cannot introduce routing loops into the network.

    The figure below compares default tunnel behavior with the Tunnel Route Selection behavior.

    Figure 1. Tunnel Route Selection Traffic

    How to Configure Tunnel Route Selection

    Configuring Tunnel Route Selection

    Perform the following steps to specify the outgoing interface of the tunnel transport to route the tunnel transport using a subset of the routing table.

    SUMMARY STEPS

      1.    enable

      2.    configure terminal

      3.    interface tunnel interface-number

      4.    tunnel route-via interface-type interface-number {mandatory | preferred}

      5.    end


    DETAILED STEPS
       Command or ActionPurpose
      Step 1 enable


      Example:
      Router> enable
       

      Enables privileged EXEC mode.

      • Enter your password if prompted.

       
      Step 2 configure terminal


      Example:
      Router# configure terminal
       

      Enters global configuration mode.

       
      Step 3 interface tunnel interface-number


      Example:
      Router(config)# interface tunnel 0
       

      Configures a tunnel interface and enters interface configuration mode.

       
      Step 4 tunnel route-via interface-type interface-number {mandatory | preferred}


      Example:
      Router(config-if)# tunnel route-via ethernet0 mandatory
       

      Specifies the outgoing interface to be used by the tunnel transport.

       
      Step 5 end


      Example:
      Router(config-if)# end
       

      Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

       

      Troubleshooting Tips

      To troubleshoot your configuration, use the debug tunnel route-via command in privileged EXEC mode. The following is sample output from the debug tunnel route-via command after the tunnel route-via command was used to route the tunnel transport explicitly using a subset of the routing table.

      Router# debug tunnel route-via
Tunnel route-via debugging is on
Router#
*May 23 08:40:53.707: TUN-VIA: Tunnel0 candidate route-via Ethernet0/0, next hop 10.73.2.1
*May 23 08:40:53.707: TUN-VIA: Tunnel0 route-via action is forward
*May 23 08:41:03.719: TUN-VIA: Tunnel0 candidate route-via Ethernet0/0, next hop 10.73.2.1
*May 23 08:41:03.719: TUN-VIA: Tunnel0 route-via action is forward
Router# undebug tunnel route-via
Tunnel route-via debugging is off

      What to Do Next

      You can verify the tunnel route selection configuration. To verify your configuration, use the show interfaces tunnel command in privileged EXEC mode. The following example shows that the tunnel transport is routed using a subset of the routing table by specifying the outgoing interface of the tunnel transport.

      Router# show running-config interface tunnel 0
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 147 bytes
!
interface Tunnel0
 ip unnumbered Loopback0
 tunnel source Loopback0
 tunnel destination 10.73.0.102
 tunnel route-via Ethernet0 preferred
end
Router# show interfaces tunnel 0 | include route-via

      Tunnel route-via feature is on [Ethernet0, preferred]

      Configuration Examples for Tunnel Route Selection

      Example Configuring Tunnel Route Selection

      The following example shows Tunnel 0 configured to use Ethernet interface 0 as its preferred outgoing transport interface. Traffic that exits the router using the tunnel 0 interface will be sent out of Ethernet interface 0 if there is a route to the tunnel destination out of Ethernet interface 0. If there is no route out of Ethernet interface 0, the traffic will be forwarded as if the Tunnel Route Selection feature were not configured.

      If the tunnel route-via interface-type interface-number mandatory command is configured, and there is no route to the tunnel destination using that interface, a point-to-point tunnel interface will go into a down state.

      Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)# interface tunnel 0
Router(config-if)# tunnel route-via ethernet0 preferred
Router(config-if)# end
Router# show running-config interface tunnel 0
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 147 bytes
!
interface Tunnel0
 ip unnumbered Loopback0
 tunnel source Loopback0
 tunnel destination 10.73.0.102
 tunnel route-via Ethernet0 preferred
end

      Additional References

      Related Documents

      Related Topic

      Document Title

      Cisco IOS commands

      Cisco IOS Master Command List, All Releases

      Interface commands: define interface-range, interface range, and interface vlan.

      Cisco IOS Interface and Hardware Component Command Reference

      Configuration commands: show running-config.

      Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Command Reference

      Technical Assistance

      Description

      Link

      The Cisco Support and Documentation website provides online resources to download documentation, software, and tools. Use these resources to install and configure the software and to troubleshoot and resolve technical issues with Cisco products and technologies. Access to most tools on the Cisco Support and Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password.

      http:/​/​www.cisco.com/​cisco/​web/​support/​index.html

      Feature Information for Tunnel Route Selection

      The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. This table lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature.

      Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to . An account on Cisco.com is not required.
      Table 1 Feature Information for Tunnel Route Selection

      Feature Name

      Releases

      Feature Information

      Tunnel Route Selection

      12.4(11)T

      15.0(1)M

      Cisco IOS Release 3.9S

      The Tunnel Route Selection feature allows the tunnel transport to be routed using a subset of the routing table. When there are equal-cost routes to a tunnel destination, normal tunnel transport behavior is to use one of the available routes chosen at random. The Tunnel Route Selection feature allows the explicit configuration of the outgoing interface for the tunnel transport.

      The following commands were introduced or modified: debug tunnel route-via, tunnel route-via, show interfaces tunnel.