Enabling ALGs and AICs in Zone-Based Policy Firewalls

Zone-based policy firewalls support Layer 7 application protocol inspection along with application-level gateways (ALGs) and application inspection and control (AIC). Layer 7 application protocol inspection helps to verify the protocol behavior and identify unwanted or malicious traffic that passes through a security module.

Prior to the introduction of Enabling ALGs and AICs in Zone-Based Policy Firewalls feature, the Layer 7 protocol inspection was automatically enabled along with the ALG/AIC configuration. With this feature you can enable or disable Layer 7 inspection by using the no application-inspect command.

This module provides an overview of the Enabling ALGs and AICs in Zone-Based Policy Firewalls feature and describes how to configure it.

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Information About Enabling ALGs and AICs in Zone-Based Policy Firewalls

Application-Level Gateways

An application-level gateway (ALG), also known as an application-layer gateway, is an application that translates the IP address information inside the payload of an application packet. An ALG is used to interpret the application-layer protocol and perform firewall and Network Address Translation (NAT) actions. These actions can be one or more of the following depending on your configuration of the firewall and NAT:

  • Allow client applications to use dynamic TCP or UDP ports to communicate with the server application.

  • Recognize application-specific commands and offer granular security control over them.

  • Synchronize multiple streams or sessions of data between two hosts that are exchanging data.

  • Translate the network-layer address information that is available in the application payload.

The firewall opens a pinhole, and NAT performs translation service on any TCP or UDP traffic that does not carry the source and destination IP addresses in the application-layer data stream. Specific protocols or applications that embed IP address information require the support of an ALG.

Enabling Layer 7 Application Protocol Inspection Overview

Zone-based policy firewalls support Layer 7 protocol inspection along with application-level gateways (ALG) and application inspection and control (AIC). Layer 7 protocol inspection is automatically enabled along with the ALG/AIC configuration.

Layer 7 application protocol inspection is a technique that interprets or understands application-layer protocols and performs appropriate firewall or Network Address Translation (NAT) action. Certain applications require special handling of the data portion of a packet when the packet passes through the security module on a device. Layer 7 application protocol inspection helps to verify the protocol behavior and identify unwanted or malicious traffic that passes through the security module. Based on the configured traffic policy, the security module accepts or rejects packets to ensure the secure use of applications and services.

Sometimes, application inspection implementation issues can cause application packet drop and make networks unstable. Prior to the introduction of the Enabling ALGs and AICs in Zone-Based Policy Firewall feature, to disable application inspection you had to define an access control list (ACL) with the target Layer 7 protocol port define a class map that matches this ACL and matches either the TCP or UDP protocol to bypass the inspection for a specific Layer 7 protocol.

With the introduction of the Enabling ALGs and AICs in Zone-Based Policy Firewall feature, you can enable or disable Layer 7 protocol inspection for a specific protocol or for all supported Layer 7 protocols with the application-inspect command. Any configuration changes to a parameter map applies only to new sessions. For example, when you disable FTP Layer 7 inspection, the newly created sessions skip FTP Layer 7 inspection, while existing sessions before the configuration change will perform FTP Layer 7 inspection. For all sessions to perform the configuration change, you must delete all sessions and re-create them.

You can enable Layer 7 application protocol inspection for an individual parameter map or for a global firewall.

How to Enable ALGs and AICs in Zone-Based Policy Firewalls

Enabling Layer 7 Application Protocol Inspection on Firewalls

Application protocol inspection is enabled by default. Use the no application-inspect command to disable application protocol inspection.

Use the application-inspect command to reconfigure application protocol inspection, if you have disabled it for any reason. Configure either the parameter-map type inspect command or the parameter-map type inspect-global command before configuring the application-inspect command.

You can only configure either the parameter-map type inspect command or the parameter-map type inspect-global command at any time.

Use the

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. enable
  2. configure terminal
  3. Do one of the following:
    • parameter-map type inspect parameter-map-name
    • parameter-map type inspect-global
  4. application-inspect {all | protocol-name}
  5. exit
  6. class-map type inspect {match-all | match-any } class-map-name
  7. match protocol protocol-name
  8. exit
  9. policy-map type inspect policy-map-name
  10. class type inspect {class-map-name | class-default }
  11. inspect parameter-map-name
  12. exit
  13. class {class-map-name | class-default }
  14. end

DETAILED STEPS

  Command or Action Purpose
Step 1

enable

Example:

Device> enable
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
  • Enter your password if prompted.
Step 2

configure terminal

Example:

Device# configure terminal

Enters global configuration mode.

Step 3

Do one of the following:

  • parameter-map type inspect parameter-map-name
  • parameter-map type inspect-global

Example:

Device(config)# parameter-map type inspect pmap-fw

or 

Device(config)# parameter-map type inspect-global
  • (Optional) Enables an inspect-type parameter map for the firewall to connect thresholds, timeouts, and other parameters that pertain to the inspect action, and enters parameter-map type inspect configuration mode.

  • (Optional) Enables a global parameter map and enters parameter-map type inspect configuration mode.

Step 4

application-inspect {all | protocol-name}

Example:

Device(config-profile)# application-inspect msrpc

Enables application inspection for the specified protocols.

Step 5

exit

Example:

Device(config-profile)# exit

Exits parameter-map type inspect configuration mode and returns to global configuration mode.

Step 6

class-map type inspect {match-all | match-any } class-map-name

Example:

Device(config)# class-map type inspect match-any internet-traffic-class

Creates an inspect type class map and enters class map configuration mode.

Step 7

match protocol protocol-name

Example:

Device(config-cmap)# match protocol msrpc

Configures a match criterion for a class map based on the specified protocol.

Step 8

exit

Example:

Device(config-cmap)# exit

Exits class map configuration mode and returns to global configuration mode.

Step 9

policy-map type inspect policy-map-name

Example:

Device(config)# policy-map type inspect private-internet-policy

Creates an inspect type policy map and enters policy map configuration mode.

Step 10

class type inspect {class-map-name | class-default }

Example:

Device(config-pmap)# class type inspect internet-traffic-class

Specifies the traffic class on which an action is to be performed and enters policy-map class configuration mode.

Step 11

inspect parameter-map-name

Example:

Device(config-pmap-c)# inspect pmap-fw

Enables stateful packet inspection.

Step 12

exit

Example:

Device(config-pmap-c)# exit

Exits policy-map class configuration mode and returns to policy map configuration mode.

Step 13

class {class-map-name | class-default }

Example:

Device(config-pmap)# class class-default

Specifies the default class so that you can configure or modify the policy.

Step 14

end

Example:

Device(config-pmap)# end

Exits policy map configuration mode and returns to privileged EXEC mode.

Configuring Zones for Enabling Layer 7 Application Protocol Inspection

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. enable
  2. configure terminal
  3. zone security {default | security-zone}
  4. exit
  5. zone security {default | security-zone}
  6. exit
  7. zone-pair security zone-pair source source-zone destination destination-zone
  8. service-policy type inspect policy-map-name
  9. exit
  10. interface type number
  11. zone-member security security-zone
  12. exit
  13. interface type number
  14. zone-member security security-zone
  15. end

DETAILED STEPS

  Command or Action Purpose
Step 1

enable

Example:

Device> enable
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
  • Enter your password if prompted.
Step 2

configure terminal

Example:

Device# configure terminal

Enters global configuration mode.

Step 3

zone security {default | security-zone}

Example:

Device(config)# zone security private
Creates a security zone to which interfaces can be assigned and enters security zone configuration mode.

  • You need two security zones to create a zone pair: a source and a destination zone.

Step 4

exit

Example:

Device(config-sec-zone)# exit

Exits security zone configuration mode and returns to global configuration mode.

Step 5

zone security {default | security-zone}

Example:

Device(config)# zone security internet

Creates a security zone to which interfaces can be assigned and enters security zone configuration mode.

Step 6

exit

Example:

Device(config-sec-zone)# exit

Exits security zone configuration mode and returns to global configuration mode.

Step 7

zone-pair security zone-pair source source-zone destination destination-zone

Example:

Device(config)# zone-pair security private-internet source private destination internet

Creates a zone pair and enters security zone pair configuration mode.

Step 8

service-policy type inspect policy-map-name

Example:

Device(config-sec-zone-pair)# service-policy type inspect private-internet-policy
Attaches a firewall policy map to the destination zone pair.

  • If a policy is not configured between a pair of zones, traffic is dropped by default.

Step 9

exit

Example:

Device(config-sec-zone-pair)# exit

Exits security zone pair configuration mode and returns to global configuration mode.

Step 10

interface type number

Example:

Device(config)# interface gigabitethernet 0/0/0

Configures an interface and enters interface configuration mode.

Step 11

zone-member security security-zone

Example:

Device(config-if)# zone-member security private
Assigns an interface to a specified security zone.

  • When you make an interface a member of a security zone, all traffic into and out of that interface (except traffic bound for the device or initiated by the device) is dropped by default. To let traffic through the interface, you must make the zone part of a zone pair to which you apply a policy. If the policy permits traffic, traffic can flow through that interface.

Step 12

exit

Example:

Device(config-if)# exit

Exits interface configuration mode and returns to global configuration mode.

Step 13

interface type number

Example:

Device(config)# interface gigabitethernet 0/2/2

Configures an interface and enters interface configuration mode.

Step 14

zone-member security security-zone

Example:

Device(config-if)# zone-member security internet

Assigns an interface to a specified security zone.

Step 15

end

Example:

Device(config-if)# end

Exits interface configuration mode and returns to privileged EXEC mode.

Configuration Examples for Enabling ALGs and AICs in Zone-Based Policy Firewalls

Example: Enabling Layer 7 Application Protocol Inspection on Firewalls

The following example shows how to enable Layer 7 application protocol inspection after configuring the parameter-map type inspect command. You can enable application inspection after configuring the parameter-map type inspect-global command also.

You can only configure either the parameter-map type inspect or the parameter-map type inspect-global command at any time. 

Device# configure terminal
Device(config)# parameter-map type inspect pmap-fw
Device(config-profile)# application-inspect msrpc
Device(config-profile)# exit
Device(config)# class-map type inspect match-any internet-traffic-class
Device(config-cmap)# match protocol msrpc
Device(config-cmap)# exit
Device(config)# policy-map type inspect private-internet-policy
Device(config-pmap)# class type inspect internet-traffic-class
Device(config-pmap-c)# inspect pmap-fw
Device(config-pmap-c)# exit
Device(config-pmap)# class class-default
Device(config-pmap)# end

Example: Configuring Zones for Enabling Layer 7 Application Protocol Inspection 

Device# configure terminal
Device(config)# zone security private
Device(config-sec-zone)# exit
Device(config)# zone security internet
Device(config-sec-zone)# exit
Device(config)# zone-pair security private-internet source private destination internet
Device(config-sec-zone-pair)# service-policy type inspect private-internet-policy
Device(config-sec-zone-pair)# exit
Device(config)# interface gigabitethernet 0/0/0
Device(config-if)# zone-member security private 
Device(config-if)# exit
Device(config)# interface gigabitethernet 0/2/2
Device(config-if)# zone-member security internet
Device(config-if)# end

Additional References for Enabling ALGs and AICs in Zone-Based Policy Firewalls

Related Documents

Related Topic

Document Title

Cisco IOS commands

Cisco IOS Master Command List, All Releases

Firewall commands

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Feature Information for Enabling ALGs and AICs in Zone-Based Policy Firewalls

The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. This table lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature.

Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Table 1. Feature Information for Enabling ALGs and AICs in Zone-Based Policy Firewalls

Feature Name

Releases

Feature Information

Enabling ALGs and AICs in Zone-Based Policy Firewalls

Cisco IOS XE Release 3.11S

Zone-based policy firewalls support Layer 7 application protocol inspection along with application-level gateways (ALGs) and application inspection and control (AIC). Layer 7 application protocol inspection helps to verify the protocol behavior and identify unwanted or malicious traffic that passes through security module.

Prior to the introduction of Enabling ALGs and AICs in Zone-Based Policy Firewalls feature, the Layer 7protocol inspection was automatically enabled along with the ALG/AIC configuration. With this feature you can enable or disable Layer 7 inspection by using the no application-inspect command.

In Cisco IOS XE Release 3.11S, this feature was introduced on Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation Services Routers, Cisco 4400 Series Integrated Services Routers, and Cisco Cloud Services Routers 1000V.

The following commands were introduced or modified: application-inspect , show parameter-map type inspect , and show platform software firewall .