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Configuring SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), an application layer protocol, facilitates the exchange of management information among network devices. Using SNMP, system administrators can remotely manage network performance, find and solve network problems, and plan for network growth.
SNMP is made up of 3 components — the SNMP manager, the SNMP agent, and Management Information Base (MIBs).The network management software (NMS) uses the Cisco MIB variables to set device variables and to poll devices on the network for specific information. The results of a poll can get graphed and analyzed to help you troubleshoot network problems, increase network performance, verify the configuration of devices, and monitor traffic loads. The SNMP agent gathers data from the MIB, which is the repository for information about device parameters and network data. The SNMP agent also can send traps (notifications) of certain events, to the SNMP manager.
SNMPv1 represents the initial implementation of SNMP that functions within the specifications of the Structure of Management Information (SMI) and operates over protocols, such as User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and IP. SNMP Version 1 and SNMP Version 2 use community strings to authenticate access to the device. If the community string is correct, the device responds with the requested information. If the community string is incorrect, the device discards the request and does not respond. SNMP Version 3 allows access to the device through a username and password, and an encryption method to improve security. SNMPv3 provides the following security features:
Authentication—Verifying that the request comes from a genuine source.
Privacy—Encrypting data.
Authorization—Verifying that the user allows the requested operation.
Access control—Verifying that the user has access to the objects that are requested. SNMPv3 prevents packets from being exposed on the network. Instead of using community strings like SNMP v1 and v2, SNMP v3 uses SNMP users.
Use SNMP community strings authenticate access to MIB objects.
Instead of using community strings like SNMP v1 and v2, SNMP v3 uses SNMP users.
Step 1 | Choose . |
Step 2 | From the File Type drop-down list, choose if you want to update only the Web UI software or both the IOS and Web UI bundle, on your device. |
Step 3 | Browse to the appropriate upgrade file on your computer. This is typically a file you downloaded from the software downloads available to you on http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/index.html. |
Step 4 | Click Start Update. To restart your device with the new software, click Restart Switch. |
Setting Device Time
An NTP network usually gets its time from an authoritative time source such as a radio clock or an atomic clock attached to a time server. NTP then distributes this time across the network. NTP is extremely efficient; no more than one packet per minute is necessary to synchronize two machines to the accuracy of within a millisecond of one another.