Cisco Prime Network Control System Configuration Guide, Release 1.0

Information About Templates
Accessing Controller Template Launch Pad
Adding Controller Templates
Deleting Controller Templates
Applying Controller Templates
Configuring Controller Templates
Configuring AP Configuration Templates
- Configuring Lightweight Access Point Templates
  - Configuring a New Lightweight Access Point Template
  - Editing a Current Lightweight Access Point Template
- Configuring Autonomous Access Point Templates
  - Configuring a New Autonomous Access Point Template
  - Applying an AP Configuration Template to an Autonomous Access Point
Configuring Switch Location Configuration Templates
Configuring Autonomous AP Migration Templates

Using Templates

This chapter describes how to add and apply templates. Templates allow you to set parameters that you can then apply to multiple devices without having to re-enter the common information. This chapter contains the following sections:

•Information About Templates

•Accessing Controller Template Launch Pad

•Adding Controller Templates

•Deleting Controller Templates

•Applying Controller Templates

•Configuring Controller Templates

•Configuring AP Configuration Templates

•Configuring Switch Location Configuration Templates

•Configuring Autonomous AP Migration Templates

Information About Templates

The Controller Template Launch Pad is a hub for all controller templates. From this Template Launch Pad you can add and apply controller templates, view templates, or make modifications to existing templates. This chapter also includes steps for applying and deleting controller templates and creating or changing access point templates.

Note Template information can be overridden on individual devices.

Accessing Controller Template Launch Pad

To access the Controller Template Launch Pad, choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

The controller template launch pad provides access to all NCS templates from a single page. From this page, you can view current controller templates or create and save new templates.

Tip Hover your mouse cursor over the tool tip next to the template type to view more details regarding the template.

Adding Controller Templates

To add a new controller template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click New beside the template you want to add.

Step 3 Enter the template name.

Note Template Name is the unique key used to identify the template. A template name is mandatory to distinguish between two templates that have identical key attributes.

Step 4 Provide a description of the template.

Step 5 Click Save.

Deleting Controller Templates

To delete a controller template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click the template type to open its template list page.

Step 3 Select the check box(es) of the template(s) you want to delete.

Step 4 From the Select a command drop-down list, choose Delete Templates.

Step 5 Click Go.

Step 6 Click OK to confirm the deletion. If this template is applied to controllers, the Remove Template Confirmation page opens and lists all controllers to which this template is currently applied.

Step 7 Select the check box of each controller from which you want to remove the template.

Step 8 Click OK to confirm the deletion or Cancel to close this page without deleting the template.

Applying Controller Templates

You can apply a controller template directly to a controller or to controllers in a selected configuration group.

To apply a controller template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 From the left sidebar menu, choose the category of templates to apply.

Step 3 Click the template name for the template that you want to apply to the controller.

Step 4 Click Apply to Controllers to open the Apply to Controllers page.

Step 5 Select the check box for each controller to which you want to apply the template.

Note To select all controllers, select the check box that appears at the left most corner of the controllers table.

Note Select the "Ignore errors on Apply template to Controllers" check box to ignore errors and apply all commands in the template to the controller. If this check box is not selected, any errors encountered while applying a command in the template to a controller causes the rest of the commands to be not applied.

Step 6 Choose between applying the template directly to a controller or to all controllers in a selected configuration group.

To apply the template directly to a controller (or controllers), follow these steps:

a. Select the Apply to controllers selected directly radio button. The Apply to Controllers page lists the IP address for each available controller along with the controller name and the configuration group name (if applicable).

b. Select the check box for each controller to which you want to apply the template.

To apply the template to all controllers in a selected configuration group, follow these steps:

a. Select the Apply to controllers in the selected Config Groups radio button. The Apply to Controllers page lists the name of each configuration group along with the mobility group name and the number of controllers included.

b. Select the check box for each configuration group to which you want to apply the template.

Note Configuration groups which have no controllers cannot be selected to apply the templates.

Step 7 You can perform the following additional operations:

•If you select the Save Config to Flash after apply check box, the save config to Flash command would be executed after the template is applied successfully.

•If you select the Reboot Controller after apply check box, the controller reboots after the template is applied successfully.

Note The above configuration results can be viewed in the Template Results page by enabling View Save Config / Reboot Results option.

Step 8 Click Save.

Note You can apply some templates directly from the Template List page. Select the check box(es) of the template(s) that you want to apply, choose Apply Templates from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go to open the Apply to Controllers page. Select the check box(es) of the controllers to which you want to apply this template, and click OK.

Configuring Controller Templates

This section contains the following topics:

•Configuring System Templates

•Configuring WLAN Templates

•Configuring H-REAP Templates

•Configuring Security Templates

•Configuring Security - Access Control Templates

•Configuring Security - CPU Access Control List Templates

•Configuring Security - Rogue Templates

•Configuring 802.11 Templates

•Configuring Radio Templates (802.11a/n)

•Configuring Radio Templates (802.11b/g/n)

•Configuring Mesh Templates

•Configuring Management Templates

•Configuring CLI Templates

•Configuring Location Configuration Templates

Configuring System Templates

This section contains the following topics:

•Configuring General Templates

•Configuring SNMP Community Controller Templates

•Configuring an NTP Server Template

•Configuring User Roles Controller Templates

•Configuring AP Username Password Controller Templates

•Configuring AP 802.1X Supplicant Credentials

•Configuring a Global CDP Configuration Template

•Configuring DHCP Template

•Configuring Dynamic Interface Templates

•Configuring Controller System Interface Groups

•Configuring QoS Templates

•Configuring AP Timers Template

•Configuring a Traffic Stream Metrics QoS Template

Configuring General Templates

To add a general template or make changes to an existing general template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Click General or choose System > General from the left sidebar menu. The System > General Template page appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains the template is applied to automatically populates. The last column shows when the template was last saved.

The Applied to Controllers number is a link. Clicking the number opens an Applied to Controllers page that displays the controller name and IP address to which that template is applied, as well as the time it was applied and its status. The Applied to Virtual Domains number is also a link. Clicking this link opens an Applied to Virtual Domains page that shows all partition names.

Step 2 If you want to add a new template, choose Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The General template page appears (see Figure 11-1).

Figure 11-1 System > General Page

Step 3 Use the drop-down list to enable or disable flow control mode.

Step 4 Use the drop-down list to enable or disable 802.3 bridging.

Note This 802.3 bridging option is not available for 5500 and 2106 series controllers.

Step 5 Use the drop-down list to choose the desired Web RADIUS authentication. You can choose to use PAP, CHAP, or MD5-CHAP for authentication between the controller and the client during the user credential exchange.

Step 6 Specify the number of seconds for the AP Primary Discovery Timeout. The default is 120 seconds, and the valid range is 30 to 3600.

Step 7 Specify the Back-up Primary and Secondary Controller details (Controller IP Address and Controller Name)

Step 8 Specify Layer 2 or Layer 3 transport mode. When set to Layer 3, the lightweight access point uses IP addresses to communicate with the access points; these IP addresses are collected from a mandatory DHCP server. When set to Layer 2, the lightweight access point uses proprietary code to communicate with the access points.

Note The older version of controllers upto 5.2 will use LWAPP and the new controller version uses CAPWAPP.

Step 9 Choose to enable or disable broadcast forwarding. The default is disabled.

Step 10 Choose Enable or Disable from the LAG Mode drop-down list. Link aggregation allows you to reduce the number of IP addresses needed to configure the ports on your controller by grouping all the physical ports and creating a link aggregation group (LAG).

If LAG is enabled on a controller, any dynamic interfaces that you have created are deleted to prevent configuration inconsistencies in the interface database. When you make changes to the LAG configuration, the controller has to be rebooted for the changes to take effect.

Note Interfaces cannot be created with the Dynamic AP Manager flag set. Also, you cannot create more than one LAG on a controller.

Step 11 Choose to enable or disable peer-to-peer blocking mode. If you choose Disable, any same-subnet clients communicate through the controller. If you choose Enable, any same-subnet clients communicate through a higher-level router.

Step 12 From the Over Air AP Provision Mode drop-down list, choose enable or disable.

Step 13 From the AP Fallback drop-down list, choose enable or disable. Enabling fallback causes an access point that lost a primary controller connection to automatically return to service when the primary controller returns.

Step 14 When a controller fails, the backup controller configured for the access point suddenly receives a number of discovery and join requests. This may cause the controller to reach a saturation point and reject some of the access points. By assigning priority to an access point, you have some control over which access points are rejected. In a failover situation when the backup controller is saturated, the higher priority access points can join the backup controller if the lower priority access points are disjoined. Choose enable from the AP Failover Priority drop-down list if you want to allow this capability.

Step 15 Choose to enable or disable Apple Talk bridging.

Note This Apple Talk bridging option is not available on 5500 series controllers.

Step 16 Choose to enable or disable the Fast SSID Change option. If the option is enabled, the client connects instantly to the controller between SSIDs without having much loss of connectivity. Normally, each client is connected to a particular WLAN identified by the SSID. If the client moves out of reach of the connected access point, the client has to reconnect to the controller using a different access point. This normal process consumes some time as the DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server has to assign an IP address to the client.

Step 17 Because the master controller is normally not used in a deployed network, the master controller setting is automatically disabled upon reboot or operating system code upgrade. You may enable the controller as the master controller from the Master Controller Mode drop-down list.

Step 18 Choose to enable or disable access to the controller management interface from wireless clients. Because of IPSec operation, management via wireless is only available to operators logging in across WPA or Static WEP. Wireless management is not available to clients attempting to log in via an IPSec WLAN.

Step 19 Choose to enable or disable symmetric tunneling mode. With symmetric mobility tunneling, the controller provides inter-subnet mobility for clients roaming from one access point to another within a wireless LAN. The client traffic on the wired network is directly routed by the foreign controller. If a router has Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF) enabled (which provides additional checks on incoming packets), the communication is blocked. Symmetric mobility tunneling allows the client traffic to reach the controller designated as the anchor, even with RPF enabled.

Note All controllers in a mobility group should have the same symmetric tunneling mode.

Note For symmetric tunneling to take effect, you must reboot.

Step 20 Use the drop-down list to enable or disable ACL counters. The values per ACL rule can be viewed for each controller.

Step 21 Enter the operator-defined RF mobility group name in the Default Mobility Domain Name text box.

Step 22 At the Mobility Anchor Group Keep Alive Interval, determine the delay between tries for clients attempting to join another access point. With this guest tunneling N+1 redundancy feature, the time it takes for a client to join another access point following a controller failure is decreased because a failure is quickly identified, the clients are moved away from the problem controller, and the clients are anchored to another controller.

Note When you hover your mouse cursor over the parameter field, the valid range for that field appears.

Step 23 At the Mobility Anchor Group Keep Alive Retries, specify the number of queries to anchor before the client declares it unreachable.

Step 24 Enter the RF network group name between 8 and 19 characters. Radio Resource Management (RRM) neighbor packets are distributed among access points within an RF network group. The Cisco access points only accept RRM neighbor packets sent with this RF network name. The RRM neighbor packets sent with different RF network names are dropped.

Step 25 Specify the time out for idle clients. The factory default is 300 seconds. When the timeout expires, the client loses authentication, briefly disassociates from the access point, reassociates, and re-authenticates.

Step 26 Specify the timeout in seconds for the address resolution protocol. The factory default is 300 seconds.

Step 27 Select the Global TCP Adjust MMS check box to start checking the TCP packets originating from the client, for the TCP SYN/ TCP ACK packets and MSS value and reset it to the configured value on the upstream and downstream side.

Step 28 Choose enable or disable Web Auth Proxy Redirect Mode, if a manual proxy configuration is configured on the client's browser, all web traffic going out from the client will be destined to the PROXY IP and PORT configured on the browser.

Step 29 Enter the Web Auth Proxy Redirect Port. The default ports are 8080 and 3128. The range is 0 to 65535.

Step 30 Enter the AP Retransmit Count and Intervals. The AP Retransmit Count default value is 5 and the range is from 3 to 8. The AP Retransmit Interval default value is 3. The range is 2 to 5.

Step 31 Click Save.

Configuring SNMP Community Controller Templates

Create or modify a template for configuring SNMP communities on controllers. Communities can have read-only or read-write privileges using SNMP v1, v2, or v3.

To add a new template with SNMP community information for a controller, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click New beside the template you want to add.

Step 3 Add or modify the following parameters:

•Template Name

Note Template Name is the unique key used to identify the template. A template name is mandatory to distinguish between two templates that have identical key attributes.

•Community Name

•Confirm Community Name—Retype the community name.

•IP Address—The IP address of the server.

•Netmask

•Access Mode—Choose Read Only or Read Write from the drop-down list.

–Read Only—Cannot be edited.

–Read Write—Can be edited.

•Admin Status—Select the check box to enable this template and also to enable the Update Discover Community option.

•Update Discover Community—Select the check box to update the SNMP version as v2. This updates the Read/Write Community as the template community name for the applied controllers.

Note If Access Mode option is configured as Read Only, then NCS will have only read access to the controller after applying this template.

Step 4 Click Save. Once saved, the template displays in the Template List page. In the Template List page, you can apply this template to controllers. See the "Applying Controller Templates" section for more information.

Note If a template is applied successfully and the Update Discover Community option is enabled, then the applied community name will be updated in the NCS database for that applied controller. Also, NCS uses that community name for further communication with that controller.

Configuring an NTP Server Template

Note NTP is used to synchronize computer clocks on the Internet.

To add an NTP template or make modifications to an existing NTP template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click Network Time Protocol or choose System > Network Time Protocol from the left sidebar menu. The System > NTP Server Template page appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

The Applied to Controllers number is a link. Clicking the number opens the Applied to Controllers page, which displays the controller name and IP address to which that template is applied, as well as the time it was applied and its status. The Applied to Virtual Domains number is also a link. Clicking this link opens to an Applied to Virtual Domains page that shows all partition names.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, click Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The Network Time Protocol template page appears (see Figure 11-2).

Figure 11-2 NTP Servers Template

Step 4 Enter the NTP server IP address.

Step 5 Click Save.

Configuring User Roles Controller Templates

This section describes how to create or modify a template for configuring user roles. User roles determine how much bandwidth the network can use. Four QoS levels (Platinum, Bronze, Gold, and Silver) are available for the bandwidth distribution to Guest Users. Guest Users are associated with predefined roles (Contractor, Customer, Partner, Vendor, Visitor, Other) with respective bandwidth configured by the Admin. These roles can be applied when adding a new Guest User. See the "Configuring a Guest User Template" section for more information on adding Guest Users.

To add a new template with User Roles information for a controller, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click New beside the template you want to add.

Step 3 Add or modify the following parameters:

•Role Name

•Average Data Rate—The average data rate for non-UDP (User Datagram Protocol) traffic.

•Burst Data Rate—The peak data rate for non-UDP traffic.

•Average Real-time Rate—The average data rate for UDP traffic.

•Burst Real-time Rate—The peak data rate for UDP traffic.

Step 4 Click Save. Once saved, the template displays in the Template List page. From the Template List page, you can apply this template to controllers. See the "Applying Controller Templates" section for more information.

Configuring AP Username Password Controller Templates

Create or modify a template for setting an access point username and password. All access points inherit the password as they join the controller and these credentials are used to log into the access point via the console or Telnet/SSH.

Note See the "Configuring a Global Access Point Password" section for more information regarding global passwords.

The AP Username Password page enables you to set a global password that all access points inherit as they join a controller. When you are adding an access point, you can also choose to accept this global username and password or override it on a per-access point basis. See the "Configuring AP Configuration Templates" section to see where the global password is displayed and how it can be overridden on a per-access point basis.

Also in controller software release 5.0, after an access point joins the controller, the access point enables console port security and you are prompted for your username and password whenever you log into the access point console port. When you log in, you are in non-privileged mode and you must enter the enable password in order to use the privileged mode.

To add a new template with AP Username Password information for a controller, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click New beside the template you want to add.

Step 3 Add or modify the following parameters:

•AP Username—Type the username that you want to be inherited by all access point that join the controller.

•AP Password—Type the password that you want to be inherited by all access point that join the controller.

•Confirm Password—Retype the access point password.

•Enable Password

Note For Cisco IOS access points, you must also enter and confirm an enable password.

•Confirm Enable Password

Note See the "Configuring a Global Access Point Password" section for more information regarding global passwords.

Configuring AP 802.1X Supplicant Credentials

You can configure 802.1X authentication between lightweight access points and the switch. The access point acts as an 802.1X supplicant and is authenticated by the switch using EAP-FAST with anonymous PAC provisioning. You can set global authentication settings that all access points inherit as they join the controller. All access points that are currently joined to the controller and any that join in the future are included.

To add or modify an existing AP 802.1X Supplicant Credentials template, follow these steps:

Note If desired, you can override the global authentication settings and assign unique authentication settings for a specific access point. See the "Configuring Access Points" section for more information.

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Templates Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click AP 802.1X Supplicant Credentials or choose System > AP 802.1X Supplicant Credentials from the left sidebar menu. The AP 802.1X Supplicant Credentials Templates page displays all currently saved AP 802.1X Supplicant Credentials templates. It also displays the number of controllers and virtual domains to which each template is applied.

The Applied to Controllers number is a link. Clicking the number opens an Applied to Controllers page, which displays the controller name and IP address to which that template is applied, as well as the time it was applied and its status. The Applied to Virtual Domains number is also a link. Clicking this link opens an Applied to Virtual Domains page that shows all partition names.

Step 3 Click a template name to open the Controller Template list page. From there, you can edit the current template parameters.

Step 4 Click Save.

Configuring a Global CDP Configuration Template

Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) is a device-discovery protocol that runs on all Cisco network equipment. Each device sends identifying messages to a multicast address, and each device monitors the messages sent by other devices.

Note CDP is enabled on the bridge's Ethernet and radio ports by default.

To configure a Global CDP configuration template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click Global CDP Configuration or choose System > Global CDP Configuration from the left sidebar menu. The Global CDP Configuration Templates page displays all currently saved Global CDP Configuration templates.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, choose Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The Global CDP Configuration template page appears.

Step 4 Enter the new CDP template name.

Step 5 In the Global CDP portion of the page, enter the following parameters:

•CDP on controller—Choose enable or disable CDP on the controller.

Note This configuration cannot be applied on WISM2 controllers.

•Global CDP on APs—Choose to enable or disable CDP on the access points.

•Refresh-time Interval (seconds)—At the Refresh Time Interval parameter, enter the time in seconds at which CDP messages are generated. The default is 60.

•Holdtime (seconds)—Enter the time in seconds before the CDP neighbor entry expires. The default is 180.

•CDP Advertisement Version—Enter which version of the CDP protocol to use. The default is v1.

Step 6 In the CDP for Ethernet Interfaces portion of the page, select the slots of Ethernet interfaces for which you want to enable CDP.

Note CDP for Ethernet Interfaces fields are supported for controller version 7.0.110.2 onwards.

Step 7 In the CDP for Radio Interfaces portion of the page, select the slots of Radio interfaces for which you want to enable CDP.

Note CDP for Radio Interfaces fields are supported for controller version 7.0.110.2 onwards.

Step 8 Click Save.

Note The Global Interface CDP configuration will be applied only to the APs for which the CDP is enabled at AP level.

Configuring DHCP Template

To add a DHCP template or make modifications to an existing DHCP template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click DHCP or choose System > DHCP from the left sidebar menu. The System > DHCP Template page appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Figure 11-3 DHCP Template Page

Step 4 You can enable or disable DHCP proxy on a global basis rather than on a WLAN basis. When DHCP proxy is enabled on the controller, the controller unicasts DHCP requests from the client to the configured servers. At least one DHCP server must be configured on either the interface associated with the WLAN or on the WLAN itself. DHCP proxy is enabled by default.

Step 5 Enter the DHCP Timeout in seconds after which the DHCP request will time out. The default setting is 5. Allowed values range from 5 to 120 seconds.

Note DHCP Timeout is applicable from the controller version 7.0.114.74 onwards.

Step 6 Click Save.

Configuring Dynamic Interface Templates

To add a dynamic interface template or make modifications to an existing interface configuration, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click Dynamic Interface or choose System > Dynamic Interface from the left sidebar menu. The System > Dynamic Interface Template page appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, click Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The Dynamic Interface template page appears (see Figure 11-4).

Figure 11-4 Dynamic Interface Template

Step 4 Select the Guest LAN check box to mark the interface as wired.

Step 5 Enter the net mask address of the interface.

Step 6 Enter which port is currently used by the interface.

Step 7 Enter a secondary port to be used by the interface when the primary port is down. When the primary port is reactivated, the Cisco 4400 Series Wireless LAN Controller transfers the interfaces back to the primary port.

Note Primary and secondary port numbers are present only in the Cisco 4400 Series Wireless LAN Controllers.

Step 8 Enter the IP address of the primary DHCP server.

Step 9 Enter the IP address of the secondary DHCP server.

Step 10 From the ACL Name drop-down list, choose a name from the list of defined names.

Step 11 From the Add Format Type drop-down list in the Add Interface Format Type section, choose either Device Info or File. If you choose device info, you must configure the device specific parameters for each controller. If you choose File, you must configure CSV device specific parameters (Interface Name, VLAN Identifier, Quarantine VLAN Identifier, IP Address, and Gateway) for all the managed controllers specified in the CSV file (see Table 11-1). If you choose Device Info, continue to Step 12.

The sample CSV files are as follows.

Table 11-1 Sample CSV Files
ip_address	interface_name	vlan_id	quarantine_ vlan_id	interface_ ip_address	gateway
209.165.200.224	dyn-1	1	2	209.165.200.228	209.165.200.229
209.165.200.225	interface-1	4	2	209.165.200.230	209.165.200.231
209.165.200.226	interface-2	5	3	209.165.200.232	209.165.200.233
209.165.200.227	dyna-2	2	3	209.165.200.234	209.165.200.235

The first row of the CSV file is used to describe the columns included. The CSV files can contain the following fields:

•ip_address

•interface_name

•vlan_id

•quarantine_vlan_id

•interface_ip_address

•gateway

Step 12 If you choose Apply to Controllers, you advance to the Apply To page where you can configure device-specific parameters for each controller (see Figure 11-5).

Figure 11-5 Apply To Page

Step 13 Use the Add and Remove options to configure device specific parameters for each controllers. If you click Edit, a dialog box appears with the current parameter input.

Step 14 Make the necessary changes in the dialog box, and click OK.

Note If you change the interface parameters, the WLANs are temporarily disabled, so, you may lose connectivity for some clients. Any changes to the interface parameters are saved only after you successfully apply them to the controller(s).

Note If you remove an interface here, it is removed only from this template and NOT from the controllers.

Applying a Dynamic Interface Template to Controllers

To apply a Dynamic Interface template to a controller, follow these steps:

Step 1 In the Dynamic Interface controller template page, click Apply to Controllers.

Step 2 Use the Manage Interfaces options to configure device-specific parameters:

•Add—Click Add to open the Add Interface dialog box. Enter an interface name, VLAN identifier, IP address, and gateway. When all parameters are entered, click Done.

•Edit—Click Edit to make changes to current interfaces.

•Remove—Click Remove to delete a current interface.

Step 3 Select a check box for each controller to which you want to apply this template.

Step 4 Click Apply.

Note Changing the Interface parameters causes the WLANs to be temporarily disabled and may result in loss of connectivity for some clients.

Note Interface parameter changes or configurations made on this page are saved only when applied successfully to the controller(s).

Note Interfaces removed from this page are removed only from this template and not from controllers.

Note See the "Configuring Dynamic Interface Templates" section for more information on Dynamic Interface controller templates.

Configuring QoS Templates

To modify the quality of service (QoS) profiles, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click QoS Profiles or choose System > QoS Profiles from the left sidebar menu. The System > QoS Profiles page appears. The number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Step 3 If you want to edit the bronze, gold, platinum, or silver QoS profile, click in the Name column for the profile you want to edit. The Edit QoS Profile Template page appears (see Figure 11-6).

Figure 11-6 Edit QoS Profile Template Page

Step 4 Set the following values in the Per-User Bandwidth Contracts portion of the page. All have a default of 0 or Off.

•Average Data Rate - The average data rate for non-UDP traffic.

•Burst Data Rate - The peak data rate for non-UDP traffic.

•Average Real-time Rate - The average data rate for UDP traffic.

•Burst Real-time Rate - The peak data rate for UDP traffic.

Step 5 Set the following values for the Over-the-Air QoS portion of the page.

•Maximum QoS RF Usage per AP - The maximum air bandwidth available to clients. The default is 100%.

•QoS Queue Depth - The depth of queue for a class of client. The packets with a greater value are dropped at the access point.

Step 6 Set the following values in the Wired QoS Protocol portion of the page.

•Wired QoS Protocol - Choose 802.1P to activate 802.1P priority tags or None to deactivate 802.1P priority flags.

•802.1P Tag - Choose 802.1P priority tag for a wired connection from 0 to 7. This tag is used for traffic and CAPWAP packets.

Step 7 Click Save.

Configuring AP Timers Template

Some advanced timer configuration for HREAP and local mode is available for the controller on NCS.

To configure a template for AP timers, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click AP Timers or choose System > AP Timers from the left sidebar menu. The System > AP Timers page appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

The values in the Access Point Mode column are links. When you click a link, the Controller Template <access point mode> page appears. The Access Point Mode is automatically populated (see Figure 11-7).

Step 3 Select the AP Fast Heartbeat Timer State check box to enable AP Fast Heartbeat Timeout.

Step 4 Enter an AP Fast Heartbeat Timeout value. The valid range is 1 to 15 seconds. The default is 10 seconds. The recommended timeout values are:

•10 to 15 seconds for 7500 series controllers.

•10 to 15 seconds for 5500 series of controllers with version 7.0.98.0 or lower.

•1 to 10 seconds for 5500 series of controllers with version above 7.0.98.0.

•1 to10 seconds for other controllers.

Figure 11-7 AP Timers Page

Step 5 Click Save.

Configuring an Interface Group Template

The interface group template page allows you to select list of interfaces and form a group.

Note You cannot create interfaces using this page.

To configure an interface group template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click Interface Groups or choose System > Interface Groups from the left sidebar menu. The System > Interface Groups page appears.

Step 4 Specify the following details:

•Name—Interface Group name.

•Description(optional)—A more detailed description of the interface group.

•Quarantine—Indicates the type of interfaces that can be added to an interface group. If this option is enabled, you can add interfaces with quarantine VLAN ID set. If this options is disabled, you can add interfaces with quarantine VLAN ID not set.

Step 5 Selected Controllers/Interfaces that you want to add to the group.

Step 6 Click Save.

Configuring a Traffic Stream Metrics QoS Template

Traffic stream metrics are a series of statistics about VoIP over your wireless LAN and informs you of the QoS of the wireless LAN. These statistics are different than the end-to-end statistics provided by VoIP systems. End-to-end statistics provide information on packet loss and latency covering all the links comprising the call path. However, traffic stream metrics are statistics for only the WLAN segment of the call. Because of this, system administrators can quickly determine whether audio problems are being caused by the WLAN or by other network elements participating in a call. By observing which access points have impaired QoS, system administrators can quickly determine the physical area where the problem is occurring. This is important when lack of radio coverage or excessive interference is the root problem.

Four QoS values (packet latency, packet jitter, packet loss, and roaming time), which can affect the audio quality of voice calls, are monitored. All the wireless LAN components participate in this process. Access points and clients measure the metrics, access points collect the measurements and then send them to the controller. The access points update the controller with traffic stream metric information every 90 seconds, and 10 minutes of data is stored at one time. Cisco NCS queries the controller for the metrics and displays them in the Traffic Stream Metrics QoS Status. These metrics are compared to threshold values to determine their status level and if any of the statistics are displaying a status level of fair (yellow) or degraded (red), the administrator investigates the QoS of the wireless LAN.

For the access points to collect measurement values, traffic stream metrics must be enabled on the controller.

To configure a Traffic Stream Metrics QoS template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click Traffic Stream Metrics QoS or choose System > Traffic Stream Metrics QoS from the left sidebar menu. The System > Traffic Stream Metrics QoS Status page appears (see Figure 11-8).

Figure 11-8 Traffic Stream Metrics QoS Status Template

The Traffic Stream Metrics QoS Status Configuration page shows several QoS values. An administrator can monitor voice and video quality of the following:

•Upstream delay

•Upstream packet loss rate

•Roaming time

•Downstream packet loss rate

•Downstream delay

Packet Loss Rate (PLR) affects the intelligibility of voice. Packet delay can affect both the intelligibility and conversational quality of the connection. Excessive roaming time produces undesired gaps in audio.

There are three levels of measurement:

•Normal: Normal QoS (green)

•Fair: Fair QoS (yellow)

•Degraded: Degraded QoS (red)

System administrators should employ some judgement when setting the green, yellow, and red alarm levels. Some factors to consider are:

•Environmental factors including interference and radio coverage which can affect PLR.

•End-user expectations and system administrator requirements for audio quality on mobile devices (lower audio quality can permit greater PLR).

•Different codec types used by the phones have different tolerance for packet loss.

•Not all calls will be mobile-to-mobile; therefore, some have less stringent PLR requirements for the wireless LAN.

Configuring WLAN Templates

This section contains the following topics:

•Configuring WLAN Template

•Configuring WLAN AP Groups Template

Configuring WLAN Template

WLAN templates allow you to define various WLAN profiles for application to different controllers.

You can configure multiple WLANs with the same SSID. This feature enables you to assign different Layer 2 security policies within the same wireless LAN. Unlike previous release where profile name was used as the unique identifier, the template name is now the unique identifier with software release 5.1.

These restrictions apply when configuring multiple WLANs with the same SSID:

•WLANs with the same SSID must have unique Layer 2 security policies so that clients can make a WLAN selection based on information advertised in the beacons and probes. These are the available Layer 2 security policies:

–None (open WLAN)

–Static WEP or 802.1

–CKIP

–WPA/WPA2

•Broadcast SSID must be enabled on the WLANs that share an SSID so that the access points can generate probe responses for these WLANs.

•Hybrid-REAP access points do not support multiple SSIDs.

To add a WLAN template or make modifications to an existing WLAN template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click WLAN or choose WLANs > WLAN from the left sidebar menu. The WLAN Template page appears with a summary of all existing defined WLANs. The following information headings are used to define the WLANs listed on the WLAN Template General page:

•Template Name—The user-defined name of the template. Clicking the name displays parameters for this template.

•Profile Name—User-defined profile name used to distinguish WLANs with the same SSID.

•SSID—Displays the name of the WLAN.

•WLAN/Guest LAN—Determines if guest LAN or WLAN.

•Security Policies—Indicates what security policy is chosen. None indicates no 802.1X.

•WLAN Status—Determines whether the WLAN is enabled or not.

•Applied to Controllers—The number of controllers the WLAN template is applied to. The Applied to Controllers number is a link. Clicking the number opens an Applied to Controllers page, which displays the controller name and IP address to which that template is applied, as well as the time it was applied and its status.

•Applied to Virtual Domains—The number of virtual domains the WLAN template is applied to. The Applied to Virtual Domains number is also a link. Clicking this link opens an Applied to Virtual Domains page that shows all partition names.

•Last Saved At—Indicates when the template was last saved.

Figure 11-9 WLAN Template

Step 4 Select the Wired LAN check box to indicate whether or not this WLAN is a wired LAN.

Figure 11-10 WLAN Template

Note Specify if you want guest users to have wired guest access from an Ethernet connection designated and configured for guest access. Wired guest access ports might be available in a guest office or specific ports in a conference room and accounts are added to the network using the Lobby Ambassador portal. (See the "Creating Guest User Accounts" section).

Note The Egress or Ingress interface configurations are applicable for Wired LAN only.

Step 5 Use the Type drop-down list to select the type of the wired LAN.

•Guest LAN—Indicates that this wired LAN is a Guest LAN.

Note If you selected the Guest LAN option, you need to select an Ingress interface which has not already been assigned to any Guest LAN.

•Remote LAN—Indicates that this wired LAN is a Remote LAN.

Step 6 Enter a name in the Profile Name text box that identifies the WLAN or the guest LAN. Do not use any spaces in the name entered.

Step 7 Enter the name of the WLAN SSID. An SSID is not required for a guest LAN.

WLANs with the same SSID must have unique Layer 2 security policies so that clients can make a WLAN selection based on information advertised in the beacons and probes.

Step 8 Select the Enable check box for the Status parameter.

Step 9 Use the Radio Policy drop-down list to set the WLAN policy to apply to All (802.11a/b/g/n), 802.11a only, 802.11g only, 802.11b/g only, or 802.11a/g only.

Step 10 Use the Interface/Interface Group drop-down list to choose the available names of interfaces created by the Controller > Interfaces module.

Step 11 From the Egress Interface drop-down list, choose the Egress interface that you created in the "Creating an Egress Interface" section. This provides a path out of the controller for wired guest client traffic.

Step 12 From the Ingress Interface drop-down list, choose the Ingress interface that you created in the "Creating an Ingress Interface" section. The provides a path between the wired guest client and the controller by way of the Layer 2 access switch.

Step 13 Select the Enable check box to enable the multicast VLAN feature.

Step 14 From the Multicast VLAN Interface drop-down list, choose the appropriate interface name. This list is automatically populated when you enable the multicast VLAN feature.

Step 15 Click Broadcast SSID to activate SSID broadcasts for this WLAN.

Step 16 Click Save.

Step 17 To further configure the WLAN template, choose from the following:

•Click the Security tab to establish which AAA can override the default servers on this WLAN and to establish the security mode for Layer 2 and 3. Continue to the "Security" section.

•Click the QoS tab to establish which quality of service is expected for this WLAN. Continue to the "QoS" section.

•Click the Advanced tab to configure any other details about the WLAN, such as DHCP assignments and management frame protection. Continue to the "Advanced" section.

Security

After choosing Security, you have an additional three tabs: Layer 2, Layer 3, and AAA Servers.

Layer 2

When you click the Layer 2 tab, the Layer 2 tab appears (see Figure 11-11).

Note The tab contains different views depending on what option is chosen in the Layer 2 Security drop-down list.

Figure 11-11 Layer 2 Tab

To configure the Layer 2 tab, follow these steps:

Step 1 Use the Layer 2 Security drop-down list to choose None, 802.1X, Static WEP, Static WEP-802.1X, WPA + WPA2, or CKIP as described in Table 11-2.

Table 11-2 Layer 2 Security Options
Parameter	Description
None	No Layer 2 security selected.
802.1X	WEP 802.1X data encryption type (Note 1): 40/64 bit key. 104 bit key. 152 bit key.
Static WEP	Static WEP encryption parameters: Key sizes: Not set, 40/64, 104, and 152 bit key sizes. Key Index: 1 to 4 (Note 2). Encryption Key: Encryption key required. Key Format: ASCII or HEX. Allowed Shared Key Authentication—Select the check box to enable. Note Regardless of the format you choose, for security reasons, only ASCII is visible on the WLC (and NCS). For this reason, you cannot use a template to replicate the configuration on a second controller during auto provisioning. You should set the key format again in the template in case a discovered template is applied to another device.
Static WEP-802.1X	Use this setting to enable both Static WEP and 802.1X policies. If this option is selected, static WEP and 802.1X parameters are displayed at the bottom of the page. Static WEP encryption parameters: Key sizes: Not set, 40/64, 104, and 152 bit key sizes. Key index: 1 to 4 (Note 2). Encryption Key: Enter encryption key. Key Format: ASCII or HEX. Allowed Shared Key Authentication—Select the check box to enable. 802.1 Data Encryption: 40/64 bit key, 104 bit key, 152 bit key.
WPA+WPA2	Use this setting to enable WPA, WPA2, or both. See the WPA1 and WPA2 parameters displayed in the page when WPA+WPA2 is selected. WPA enables Wi-Fi Protected Access with TKIP-MIC Data Encryption or AES. When WPA+WPA2 is selected, you can use Cisco Centralized Key Management (CCKM) authentication key management, which allows fast exchange when a client roams from one access point to another. When WPA+WPA2 is selected as the Layer 2 security policy, and Pre-shared Key is enabled, then neither CCKM or 802.1X can be enabled; although, both CCKM and 802.1X can be enabled at the same time.
CKIP	Cisco Key Integrity Protocol (CKIP). A Cisco access point advertises support for CKIP in beacon and probe response packets. CKIP can be configured only when Aironet IE is enabled on the WLAN. Note CKIP is not supported on 10xx APs. When selected, these CKIP parameters are displayed. Key size: Not set, 40, or 104. Key Index: 1 to 4 Encryption Key: Specify encryption key. Key Format: ASCII or HEX. Note Regardless of the format you choose, for security reasons, only ASCII is visible on the WLC (and NCS). For this reason, you cannot use a template to replicate the configuration on a second controller during auto provisioning. You should set the key format again in the template in case a discovered template is applied to another device. MMH Mode: Select the check box to enable. Key Permutation: Select the check box to enable.

Step 2 Select the MAC Filtering check box if you want to filter clients by MAC address.

Note The ability to join a controller without specification within a MAC filter list is only supported on mesh access points.

Note For releases prior to 4.1.82.0, mesh access points do not join the controller unless they are defined in the MAC filter list.

You may want to disable the MAC filter list to allow newly added access points to join the controller. Before enabling the MAC filter list again, you should enter the MAC addresses of the new access points.

Step 3 Choose the desired type of authentication key management. The choices are 802.1X, CCKM, or PSK.

Note If you choose PSK, you must enter the shared key and type (ASCII or hexadecimal).

Note Regardless of the format you choose, for security reasons, only ASCII is visible on the WLC (and NCS). For this reason, you cannot use a template to replicate the configuration on a second controller during auto provisioning. You should set the key format again in the template in case a discovered template is applied to another device.

Step 4 Click Save.

Layer 3

When you click the Layer 3 tab, the Layer 3 tab appears (see Figure 11-12).

Note The tab contains different views depending on what option is chosen in the Layer 3 Security drop-down list.

Figure 11-12 Layer 3 Tab

To configure the Layer 3 tab, follow these steps:

Step 1 Use the Layer 3 security drop-down list to choose between None and VPN Pass Through. The page parameters change according to the selection you make. If you choose VPN pass through, you must enter the VPN gateway address.

Note The VPN passthrough option is not available for the 2106 or 5500 series controllers.

Step 2 You can modify the default static WEP (web authentication) or assign specific web authentication (login, logout, login failure) pages and the server source.

a. To change the static WEP to passthrough, select the Web Policy check box and choose the Passthrough option from the drop-down list. This option allows users to access the network without entering a username or password.

An Email Input check box appears. Select this check box if you want users to be prompted for their email address when attempting to connect to the network.

b. Choose the WebAuth on MAC Filter Failure option so that when clients fail on MAC filter, they get automatically switched to webAuth.

Note The WebAuth on Mac Filter Failure option works only when the Layer 2 Mac Filtering option is enabled.

c. To specify custom web authentication pages, unselect the Global WebAuth Configuration Enable check box.

1. When the Web Auth Type drop-down list appears, choose one of the following options to define the web login page for the wireless guest users:

Default Internal—Displays the default web login page for the controller. This is the default value.

Customized Web Auth—Displays custom web login, login failure, and logout pages. When the customized option is selected, three separate drop-down lists for login, login failure, and logout page selection appear. You do not need to define a customized page for all three of the options. Choose None from the appropriate drop-down list if you do not want to display a customized page for that option.

These optional login, login failure, and logout pages are downloaded to the controller as webauth.tar files. For specifics on downloading custom pages, see the "Downloading Customized Web Authentication" section.

External—Redirects users to an external server for authentication. If you choose this option, you must also enter the URL of the external server in the URL text box.

Note External web auth is not supported for 2106 and 5500 series controllers.

You can select specific RADIUS or LDAP servers to provide external authentication in the Security > AAA page. To do so, continue with Step 4.

Note The RADIUS and LDAP servers must be already configured to have selectable options in the Security > AAA page. You can configure these servers in the RADIUS Authentication Servers page and TACACS+ Authentication Servers page.

Step 3 If you selected External as the Web Authentication Type in Step 2, choose Security > AAA, and choose up to three RADIUS and LDAP servers using the drop-down lists.

Step 4 Click Save.

Step 5 Repeat this process if a second (anchor) controller is being used in the network.

AAA Servers

When you click the AAA Servers tab, the AAA Servers tab appears (see Figure 11-13).

Figure 11-13 AAA Servers Tab

To configure the AAA Servers tab, follow these steps:

Step 1 Select the Radius Server Overwrite Interface check box to send the client authentication request through the dynamic interface which is set on the WLAN. When you enable the Radius Server Overwrite Interface option, the WLC will source all radius traffic for a WLAN using the dynamic interface configured on that WLAN.

Note You cannot enable Radius Server Overwrite Interface when Diagnostic Channel is enabled.

Note The Radius Server Overwrite Interface option is supported since controller version 7.0.x.

Step 2 Select the Enable check boxes, then use the drop-down lists in the RADIUS and LDAP servers section to choose authentication and accounting servers. This selects the default RADIUS server for the specified WLAN and overrides the RADIUS server that is configured for the network. If all three RADIUS servers are configured for a particular WLAN, server 1 has the highest priority, and so on.

If no LDAP servers are chosen here, NCS uses the default LDAP server order from the database.

Step 3 Select the Local EAP Authentication check box if you have an EAP profile already configured that you want to enable. Local EAP is an authentication method that allows users and wireless clients to locally authenticate. It is designed for use in remote offices that want to maintain connectivity to wireless clients when the backend system becomes disrupted or the external authentication server goes down.

Step 4 When AAA Override is enabled, and a client has conflicting AAA and controller WLAN authentication parameters, client authentication is performed by the AAA server. As part of this authentication, the operating system moves clients from the default Cisco WLAN Solution to a VLAN returned by the AAA server and predefined in the controller interface configuration (only when configured for MAC filtering, 802.1X, and/or WPA operation). In all cases, the operating system also uses QoS and ACL provided by the AAA server, as long as they are predefined in the controller interface configuration. (This VLAN switching by AAA override is also referred to as identity networking.)

For instance, if the corporate WLAN primarily uses a management interface assigned to VLAN 2, and if AAA override returns a redirect to VLAN 100, the operating system redirects all client transmissions to VLAN 100, regardless of the physical port to which VLAN 100 is assigned.

When AAA override is disabled, all client authentication defaults to the controller authentication parameter settings, and authentication is only performed by the AAA server if the controller WLANs do not contain any client-specific authentication parameters.

The AAA override values may come from a RADIUS server, for example.

Step 5 Click Save.

QoS

When you click the QoS tab in the WLAN Template page, the QoS tab appears (see Figure 11-14).

Figure 11-14 QoS Tab

To configure the QoS parameters, follow these steps :

Step 1 Use the QoS drop-down list to choose Platinum (voice), Gold (video), Silver (best effort), or Bronze (background). Services such as VoIP should be set to gold while non-discriminating services such as text messaging can be set to bronze.

Step 2 Use the WMM Policy drop-down list to choose Disabled, Allowed (so clients can communicate with the WLAN), or Required to make it mandatory for clients to have WMM enabled for communication.

Step 3 Select the 7920 AP CAC check box if you want to enable support on Cisco 7920 phones.

Step 4 If you want WLAN to support older versions of the software on 7920 phones, select the 7920 Client CAC to enable it. The CAC limit is set on the access point for newer versions of software.

Step 5 Click Save.

Advanced

When you click the Advanced tab in the WLAN Template page, the Advanced tab appears (see Figure 11-15).

Figure 11-15 Advanced Tab

Step 1 Select the Hybrid REAP local switching check box if you want to enable Hybrid REAP local switching. For more information on Hybrid REAP, see the "Configuring Hybrid REAP" section. If you enable it, the hybrid-REAP access point handles client authentication and switches client data packets locally.

H-REAP local switching is only applicable to the Cisco 1130/1240/1250 series access points. It is not supported with L2TP or PPTP authentications, and it is not applicable to WLAN IDs 9-16.

Step 2 Select the H-REAP Local Auth check box if you want to enable H-REAP local authentication.

Local authentication is useful where you cannot maintain the criteria a remote office setup of minimum bandwidth of 128 kbps with the roundtrip latency no greater than 100 ms and the maximum transmission unit (MTU) no smaller than 500 bytes. In local switching, the authentication capabilities are present in the access point itself. Thus local authentication reduces the latency requirements of the branch office.

Note Local authentication can only be enabled on the WLAN of a HREAP AP that is in local switching mode.

Local authentication is not supported in the following scenarios:

–Guest Authentication cannot be performed on a HREAP local authentication enabled WLAN.

–RRM information is not available at the controller for the hybrid REAP local authentication enabled WLAN.

–Local radius is not supported.

–Once the client has been authenticated, roaming will only be supported after the WLC and the other hybrid REAPs in the group are updated with the client information.

Step 3 Choose to enable the diagnostic channel feature or leave it disabled. The diagnostic channel feature allows you to troubleshoot problems regarding client communication with a WLAN. When initiated by a client having difficulties, the diagnostic channel provides the most robust communication methods with the fewest obstacles to communication.

Step 4 Select the Aironet IE check box if you want to enable support for Aironet information elements (IEs) for this WLAN. If Aironet IE support is enabled, the access point sends an Aironet IE 0x85 (which contains the access point name, load, number of associated clients, and so on) in the beacon and probe responses of this WLAN, and the controller sends Aironet IEs 0x85 and 0x95 (which contains the management IP address of the controller and the IP address of the access point) in the reassociation response if it receives Aironet IE 0x85 in the reassociation request.

Step 5 Select the IPv6 check box. You can configure IPv6 bridging and IPv4 web auth on the same WLAN.

Step 6 Select the Session Timeout check box to set the maximum time a client session can continue before requiring reauthorization.

Step 7 Choose to enable or disable coverage hold detection (CHD) on this WLAN. By default, CHD is enabled on all WLANs on the controller. If you disable CHD on a WLAN, a coverage hole alert is still sent to the controller, but no other processing is done to mitigate the coverage hole. This feature is useful for guest WLANs where highly mobile guests are connected to your network for short periods of time.

Step 8 The Override Interface drop-down lists provides a list of defined access control lists (ACLs). (See the "Configuring an Access Control List Template" section for steps on defining ACLs.) Upon choosing an ACL from the list, the WLAN associates the ACL to the WLAN. Selecting an ACL is optional, and the default for this parameter is None.

Step 9 You can configure peer-to-peer blocking per WLAN rather than applying the status to all WLANs. From the Peer to Peer Blocking drop-down list, choose one of the following:

•Disable—Peer-to-peer blocking is disabled, and traffic is bridged locally whenever possible.

•Drop—The packet is discarded.

•Forward Up Stream—The packet is forwarded on the upstream VLAN, and the decision is made about what to do with the packet.

If H-REAP local switching is enabled for the WLAN, which prevents traffic from passing through the controller, this drop-down list is dimmed.

Note Peer-to-peer blocking does not apply to multicast traffic.

Step 10 Select the check box if you want to enable automatic client exclusion.

Step 11 If you enable client exclusion, you must also set the Timeout Value in seconds for disabled client machines. Client machines are excluded by MAC address, and their status can be observed. A timeout setting of 0 indicates that administrative control is required to re-enable the client.

Note When session timeout is not set, it implies that an excluded client remains and will not timeout from the excluded state. It does not imply that the exclusion feature is disabled.

Step 12 Enter the maximum number of clients to be associated in a WLAN in the Maximum Clients text box.

Step 13 Enable dynamic anchoring of static IP clients by selecting the Static IP Tunneling check box.

Step 14 Select the Media Session Snooping check box. This feature enables access points to detect the establishment, termination, and failure of voice calls and then report them to the controller and NCS. It can be enabled or disabled per WLAN.

When media session snooping is enabled, the access point radios that advertise this WLAN snoop for Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) voice packets. Any packets destined to or originating from port number 5060 are considered for further inspection. The access point tracks whether Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM) and non-WMM clients are establishing a call, already on an active call, or in the process of ending a call and then notify the controller of any major call events.

Step 15 NAC State—From the NAC State drop-down list, choose SNMP NAC or Radius NAC. SIP errors that are discovered generate traps that appear on the client troubleshooting and alarms screens. The controller can integrate with the NAC appliance in out-of-band mode, where the NAC appliance remains in the data path only until clients have been analyzed and cleaned. Out-of-band mode reduces the traffic load on the NAC appliance and enables centralized NAC processing. See the "NAC Integration" section for more information.

Step 16 Off-Channel Scanning Defer is essential to the operation of RRM, which gathers information about alternate channel choices such as noise and interference. Additionally, Off-Channel Scanning Defer is responsible for rogue detection. Devices that need to defer Off-Channel Scanning Defer should use the same WLAN as often as possible. If there are many of these devices (and the possibility exists that Off-Channel Defer scanning could be completely disabled by the use of this feature), you should implement an alternative to local AP Off-Channel Scanning Defer, such as monitor access points, or other access points in the same location that do not have this WLAN assigned.

Assignment of a QoS policy (bronze, silver, gold, and platinum) to a WLAN affects how packets are marked on the downlink connection from the access point regardless of how they were received on the uplink from the client. UP=1,2 is the lowest priority, and UP=0,3 is the next higher priority. The marking results of each QoS policy are as follows:

•Bronze marks all downlink traffic to UP= 1.

•Silver marks all downlink traffic to UP= 0.

•Gold marks all downlink traffic to UP=4.

•Platinum marks all downlink traffic to UP=6.

Set the Scan Defer Priority by clicking the priority argument and Set the time in milliseconds in the Scan Defer Interval text box. Valid values are 100 through 60000. The default value is 100 milliseconds.

Step 17 In 802.11a/n and 802.11b/g/n networks, lightweight access points broadcast a beacon at regular intervals, which coincides with the Delivery Traffic Indication Map (DTIM). After the access point broadcasts the beacon, it transmits any buffered broadcast and multicast frames based on the value set for the DTIM period. This feature allows power-saving clients to wake up at the appropriate time if they are expecting broadcast or multicast data.

Normally, the DTIM value is set to 1 (transmit broadcast and multicast frames after every beacon) or 2 (transmit after every other beacon). For instance, if the beacon period of the 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n network is 100 ms and the DTIM value is set to 1, the access point transmits buffered broadcast and multicast frames 10 times per second. If the beacon period is 100 ms and the DTIM value is set to 2, the access point transmits buffered broadcast and multicast frames 5 times per second. Either of these settings may be suitable for applications, including VoIP, that expect frequent broadcast and multicast frames.

However, the DTIM value can be set as high as 255 (transmit broadcast and multicast frames after every 255th beacon) if all 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n clients have power save enabled. Because the clients have to listen only when the DTIM period is reached, they can be set to listen for broadcasts and multicasts less frequently, resulting in longer battery life. For instance, if the beacon period is 100 ms and the DTIM value is set to 100, the access point transmits buffered broadcast and multicast frames once every 10 seconds, allowing the power-saving clients to sleep longer before they have to wake up and listen for broadcasts and multicasts, resulting in longer battery life.

Many applications cannot tolerate a long time between broadcast and multicast messages, resulting in poor protocol and application performance. We recommend a low DTIM value for 802.11a/n and 802.11b/g/n networks that support such clients.

Under DTIM Period, enter a value between 1 and 255 (inclusive) in the 802.11a/n and 802.11b/g/n fields. The default value is 1 (transmit broadcast and multicast frames after every beacon).

Step 18 When you select the check box to override DHCP server, another parameter appears where you can enter the IP address of your DHCP server. For some WLAN configurations, this is required. Three valid configurations are as follows:

•DHCP Required and a valid DHCP server IP address - All WLAN clients obtain an IP address from the DHCP server.

•DHCP is not required and a valid DHCP server IP address - All WLAN clients obtain an IP address from the DHCP server or use a static IP address.

•DHCP not required and DHCP server IP address 0.0.0.0 - All WLAN clients are forced to use a static IP address. All DHCP requests are dropped.

You cannot choose to require a DHCP address assignment and then enter a DHCP server IP address.

Step 19 If the MFP Signature Generation check box is selected, it enables signature generation for the 802.11 management frames transmitted by an access point associated with this WLAN. Signature generation makes sure that changes to the transmitted management frames by an intruder are detected and reported.

Step 20 At the MFP Client Protection drop-down list, choose Optional, Disabled, or Required for configuration of individual WLANs of a controller. If infrastructure MFP is not enabled, this drop-down list is unavailable.

Note Client-side MFP is only available for those WLANs configured to support Cisco Compatible Extensions (version 5 or later) clients, and WPA2 must first be configured.

Step 21 Enter a value between 1 and 255 beacon intervals in the 802.11a/n DTIM Period portion of the page. The controller sends a DTIM packet on the 802.11a/n radio for this WLAN based on what is entered as an interval.

Step 22 Enter a value between 1 and 255 beacon intervals in the 802.11b/g/n DTIM Period portion of the page. The controller sends a DTIM packet on the 802.11b/g/n radio for this WLAN based on what is entered as an interval.

Note DTIM configuration is not appropriate for guest LANs.

Step 23 Click Save.

Configuring WLAN AP Groups Template

Site-specific VLANs or AP groups limit the broadcast domains to a minimum by segmenting a WLAN into different broadcast domains. Benefits include more effective management of load balancing and bandwidth allocation.

To configure WLAN AP Groups, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click AP Groups or choose WLAN > AP Groups from the left sidebar menu. The WLAN > AP Groups page appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Figure 11-16 WLAN AP Groups

This page displays a summary of the AP groups configured on your network. From here you can add, remove, edit, or view details of an AP group. Click in the Edit column to edit its access point(s). Select the check box in the WLAN Profile Name column, and click Remove to delete WLAN profiles.

Note The maximum characters that you can enter in the Description text box is 256.

Adding Access Point Groups

To add a new access point group, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click AP Group VLANs or choose WLAN > AP Group VLANs from the left sidebar menu.

Note AP Groups (for 5.2 and above controllers) are referred to as AP Group VLANs for controllers prior to 5.2.

Step 3 Choose Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go.

Step 4 Enter a name and group description for the access point group.

Note The group description is optional.

Step 5 Select the WLAN Profile check box.

Note To display all available WLAN profile names, delete the current WLAN profile name from the text box. When the current WLAN profile name is deleted from the text box, all available WLAN profiles display in the drop-down list.

Note Each access point is limited to sixteen WLAN profiles. Each access point broadcasts all WLAN profiles unless the WLAN override feature is enabled. The WLAN override feature allows you to disable any of the 16 WLAN profiles per access point.

Note The WLAN override feature applies only to older controllers that do not support the 512 WLAN feature (can support up to 512 WLAN profiles).

Step 6 Type a WLAN profile name or choose one from the WLAN Profile Name drop-down list.

Step 7 Enter an interface/interface group or choose one from the Interface/Interface Group drop-down list.

Note To display all available interfaces, delete the current interface from the Interface text box. When the current interface is deleted from the Interface text box, all available interfaces display in the drop-down list.

Step 8 Select the NAC Override check box, if applicable. NAC override is disabled by default.

Step 9 When access points and WLAN profiles are added, click Add.

Note After saving, click the edit icon on the WLAN Profiles tab to edit the WLAN profile information.

Deleting Access Point Groups

To delete an access point group, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click AP Groups or choose WLAN > AP Groups from the left sidebar menu.

Step 3 Click Remove.

Configuring H-REAP Templates

This section contains the following topics:

•Configuring H-REAP AP Groups Template

•Configuring H-REAP Users

Configuring H-REAP AP Groups Template

Hybrid REAP enables you to configure and control access points in a branch or remote office from the corporate office through a wide area network (WAN) link without deploying a controller in each office. There is no deployment restriction on the number of hybrid-REAP access points per location, but you can organize and group the access points per floor and limit them to 25 or so per building, since it is likely the branch offices share the same configuration.

To set up an H-REAP AP group, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click H-REAP AP Groups or choose H-REAP > H-REAP AP Groups from the left sidebar menu. The H-REAP > H-REAP AP Groups page appears. It displays the primary and secondary RADIUS, as well as the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to, which automatically populates. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Figure 11-17 AP Groups H-REAP Template

Step 4 The Template Name parameter shows the group name assigned to the HREAP access point group.

Step 5 Choose the primary RADIUS authentication servers for each group. If a RADIUS authentication server is not present on the controller, the NCS configured RADIUS server does not apply. A value of 10 indicates that the primary RADIUS server is not configured for this group.

Step 6 Choose the secondary RADIUS authentication servers for each group. If a RADIUS authentication server is not present on the controller, the NCS configured RADIUS server does not apply. A value of 0 indicates that the primary RADIUS server is not configured for this group.

Step 7 If you want to add an access point to the group, click the H-REAP AP tab.

Step 8 An access point Ethernet MAC address cannot exist in more than one H-REAP group on the same controller. If more than one group is applied to the same controller, select the Ethernet MAC check box to unselect an access point from one of the groups. You should save this change or apply it to controllers.

Step 9 Click Add AP. The H-REAP AP Group page appears.

Step 10 Click the H-REAP Configuration tab to enable local authentication for a hybrid REAP group.

Note Make sure that the Primary RADIUS Server and Secondary RADIUS Server parameters are set to None on the General tab.

Step 11 Select the H-REAP Local Authentication check box to enable local authentication for this hybrid-REAP group. The default value is unselected.

Note When you attempt to use this feature, a warning message indicates that it is a licensed feature.

Note You can click the Users configured in the group link that appears at the bottom of the page to view the list of H-REAP users. You can create H-REAP users only after you save the H-REAP AP Group.

Step 12 To allow a hybrid-REAP access point to authenticate clients using LEAP, check the LEAP check box. Otherwise, to allow a hybrid-REAP access point to authenticate clients using EAP-FAST, check the EAP-FAST check box.

Step 13 Perform one of the following, depending on how you want protected access credentials (PACs) to be provisioned:

•To use manual PAC provisioning, enter the key used to encrypt and decrypt PACs in the EAP-FAST Key and Confirm EAP-FAST Key text box. The key must be 32 hexadecimal characters.

•To allow PACs to be sent automatically to clients that do not have one during PAC provisioning, check the Auto key generation check box.

Step 14 In the EAP-FAST Key text box, enter the authority identifier of the EAP-FAST server. The identifier must be 32 hexadecimal characters.

Step 15 In the EAP-FAST Authority ID text box, enter the authority identifier of the EAP-FAST server in text format. You can enter up to 32 hexadecimal characters.

Step 16 In the EAP-FAST Pac Timeout text box, specify a PAC timeout value by entering the number of seconds for the PAC to remain viable in the edit box. The valid range is 2 to 4095 seconds.

Step 17 Click Save.

Configuring H-REAP Users

Note You can create H-REAP users only after you save the H-REAP AP Group.

Note Maximum 100 H-REAP users are supported from 5.2.x.x controller version. If controller version is less than 5.2.0.0, only 20 H-REAP users are supported.

To configure a H-REAP user, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click H-REAP AP Groups or choose H-REAP > H-REAP AP Groups from the left sidebar menu. The H-REAP > H-REAP AP Groups page appears.

Step 3 Click the H-REAP Configuration tab to enable local authentication for a hybrid REAP group.

Step 4 Select the H-REAP Local Authentication check box to enable local authentication for this hybrid-REAP group. The Users configured in the group link that appears at the bottom of the page

Step 5 Click the Users configured in the group link. The H-REAP Users page appears.

Step 6 If you want to add a new user, choose Add User from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. The Add User page appears.

Step 7 In the User Name text box, enter the H-REAP username.

Step 8 In the Password text box, enter the password.

Step 9 Re-enter the password in the Confirm Password text box.

Step 10 Click Save.

Note To delete a H-REAP User, select a user from the H-REAP Users list, and then click Delete.

Configuring Security Templates

This section contains the following topics:

•Configuring a General Security Controller Template

•Configuring a File Encryption Template

•Configuring a RADIUS Authentication Template

•Configuring a RADIUS Accounting Template

•Configuring a RADIUS Fallback Template

•Configuring a LDAP Server Template

•Configuring a TACACS+ Server Template

•Configuring a Local EAP General Template

•Configuring a Local EAP Profile Template

•Configuring an EAP-FAST Template

•Configuring a Network User Priority Template

•Configuring a Local Network Users Template

•Configuring a Guest User Template

•Configuring a User Login Policies Template

•Configuring a MAC Filter Template

•Configuring an Access Point or MSE Authorization Template

•Configuring a Manually Disabled Client Template

•Configuring a Client Exclusion Policies Template

•Configuring an Access Point Authentication and MFP Template

•Configuring a Web Authentication Template

•Configuring an External Web Auth Server Template

Configuring a General Security Controller Template

To add a new template with general security information for a controller, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click New beside the template you want to add.

Step 3 Add or modify the following parameters:

•Template Name

Note Template Name is the unique key used to identify the template. A template name is mandatory to distinguish between two templates that have identical key attributes.

•Maximum Local Database Entries (on next reboot)—Enter the maximum number of allowed database entries. This amount becomes effective on the next reboot.

Configuring a File Encryption Template

This page enables you to add a file encryption template or make modifications to an existing file encryption template.

To configure a File Encryption template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click File Encryption or choose Security > File Encryption from the left sidebar menu. The Security > File Encryption page appears. The number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Figure 11-18 File Encryption Template

Step 4 Check if you want to enable file encryption.

Step 5 Enter an encryption key text string of exactly 16 ASCII characters.

Step 6 Retype the encryption key.

Step 7 Click Save.

Configuring a RADIUS Authentication Template

This page allows you to add a RADIUS authentication template or make modifications to an existing template. After these server templates are configured, controller users who log into the controller through the CLI or GUI are authenticated.

To configure a RADIUS Authentication template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click RADIUS Auth Servers or choose Security > RADIUS Auth Servers from the left sidebar menu. The Security > RADIUS Auth Servers page appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. The IP address of the RADIUS server and the port number and admin status for the interface protocol is also displayed. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Figure 11-19 RADIUS Authentication Server Template

Step 4 Use the Shared Secret Format drop-down list to choose either ASCII or hex shared secret format.

Step 5 Enter the RADIUS shared secret used by your specified server.

Step 6 Click if you want to enable key wrap. If this option is enabled, the authentication request is sent to RADIUS servers that have key encryption key (KEK) and message authenticator code keys (MACK) configured. Also, when enabled, the parameters below appear:

•Shared Secret Format: Determine whether ASCII or hexadecimal.

•KEK Shared Secret: Enter KEK shared secret.

•MACK Shared Secret: Enter MACK shared secret.

Note Each time the controller is notified with the shared secret, the existing shared secret is overwritten with the new shared secret.

Step 7 Click if you want to enable administration privileges.

Step 8 Click if you want to enable support for RFC 3576. RFC 3576 is an extension to the Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) protocol. It allows dynamic changes to a user session and includes support for disconnecting users and changing authorizations applicable to a user session. With these authorizations, support is provided for Disconnect and Change-of-Authorization (CoA) messages. Disconnect messages immediately terminate a user session, whereas CoA messages modify session authorization attributes such as data filters.

Step 9 Click if you want to enable network user authentication. If this option is enabled, this entry is considered as the RADIUS authenticating server for the network user.

Step 10 Click if you want to enable management authentication. If this option is enabled, this entry is considered as the RADIUS authenticating server for the management user.

Step 11 Specify the time in seconds after which the RADIUS authentication request times out and a retransmission is attempted by the controller. You can specify a value between 2 and 30 seconds.

Step 12 If you click to enable the IP security mechanism, additional IP security parameters are added to the page, and Steps 13 to 19 are required. If you disable it, click Save and skip Steps 13 to 19.

Step 13 Use the drop-down list to choose which IP security authentication protocol to use. The options are HMAC-SHA1, HMAC-MD5, and None.

Message Authentication Codes (MAC) are used between two parties that share a secret key to validate information transmitted between them. HMAC (Hash MAC) is a mechanism based on cryptographic hash functions and can be used in combination with any iterated cryptographic hash function. HMAC-MD5 and HMAC-SHA1 are two constructs of the HMAC using the MD5 hash function and the SHA1 hash function. HMAC also uses a secret key for calculation and verification of the message authentication values.

Step 14 Set the IP security encryption mechanism to use. Options are as follows:

•DES—Data Encryption Standard is a method of data encryption using a private (secret) key. DES applies a 56-bit key to each 64-bit block of data.

•Triple DES—Data Encryption Standard that applies three keys in succession.

•AES 128 CBC—Advanced Encryption Standard uses keys with a length of 128, 192, or 256 bits to encrypt blocks with a length of 128, 192, or 256 bits. AES 128 CBC uses a 128-bit data path in Cipher Clock Chaining (CBC) mode.

•None—No IP security encryption mechanism.

Step 15 The Internet Key Exchange (IKE) authentication is not an editable text box. Internet Key Exchange protocol (IKE) is used as a method of distributing the session keys (encryption and authentication), as well as providing a way for the VPN endpoints to agree on how data should be protected. IKE keeps track of connections by assigning a bundle of security associations (SAs) to each connection.

Step 16 Use the IKE phase 1 drop-down list to choose either aggressive or main. This sets the IKE protocol. IKE phase 1 is used to negotiate how IKE is protected. Aggressive mode passes more information in fewer packets, with the benefit of a slightly faster connection, at the cost of transmitting the identities of the security gateways in the clear.

Step 17 At the Lifetime parameter, set the timeout interval (in seconds) when the session expires.

Step 18 Set the IKE Diffie Hellman group. The options are group 1 (768 bits), group 2 (1024 bits), or group 5 (1536 bits). Diffie-Hellman techniques are used by two devices to generate a symmetric key where you can publicly exchange values and generate the same symmetric key.

Although all three groups provide security from conventional attacks, Group 5 is considered more secure because of its larger key size. However, computations involving Group 1 and Group 2 based keys might occur slightly faster because of their smaller prime number size.

Step 19 Click Save.

Configuring a RADIUS Accounting Template

This page allows you to add a RADIUS accounting template or make modifications to an existing RADIUS accounting template.

To configure a RADIUS Accounting template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click RADIUS Acct Servers or choose Security > RADIUS Acct Servers from the left sidebar menu. The Security > RADIUS Acct Servers page appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. The IP address of the RADIUS server and the port number and admin status for the interface protocols are also displayed. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Figure 11-20 RADIUS Accounting Server Templates

Step 4 Use the Shared Secret Format drop-down list to choose either ASCII or hexadecimal.

Step 5 Enter the RADIUS shared secret used by your specified server.

Step 6 Retype the shared secret.

Step 7 Click if you want to establish administrative privileges for the server.

Step 8 Click if you want to enable the network user authentication. If this option is enabled, this entry is considered as the RADIUS authenticating server for the network user.

Step 9 Specify the time in seconds after which the RADIUS authentication request will timeout and a retransmission by the controller will occur. You can specify a value between 2 and 30 seconds.

Step 10 Click Save.

Configuring a RADIUS Fallback Template

This page allows you to add a RADIUS fallback template or make modifications to an existing RADIUS fallback template.

To configuring a RADIUS Fallback template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click RADIUS Fallback or choose Security > RADIUS Fallback from the left sidebar menu. The Security > RADIUS Fallback page appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Figure 11-21 RADIUS Fallback Page

Step 4 From the RADIUS Fallback Mode drop-down list, choose Off, Passive, or Active.

•Off—Disables fallback.

•Passive—You must enter a time interval.

•Active—You must enter a username and time interval.

Step 5 Click Save.

Configuring a LDAP Server Template

This section explains how to configure a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) server as a backend database, similar to a RADIUS or local user database. An LDAP backend database allows the controller to query an LDAP server for the credentials (username and password) of a particular user. These credentials are then used to authenticate the user. For example, local EAP may use an LDAP server as its backend database to retrieve user credentials.

To add an LDAP server template or make modifications to an existing LDAP server template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click LDAP Servers or choose Security > LDAP Servers from the left sidebar menu. The Security > LDAP Servers page appear. The IP address of the LDAP server and the port number for the interface protocols are displayed. Also, the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, click Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The LDAP Server template page appears (see Figure 11-22).

Figure 11-22 LDAP Server Template

Step 4 The port number of the controller to which the access point is connected.

Step 5 From the Bind Type drop-down list, choose Authenticated or Anonymous. If you choose Authenticated, you must enter a bind username and password as well. A bind is a socket opening that performs a lookup. Anonymous bind requests are rejected.

Step 6 In the Server User Base DN text box, enter the distinguished name of the subtree in the LDAP server that contains a list of all the users.

Step 7 In the Server User Attribute text box, enter the attribute that contains the username in the LDAP server.

Step 8 In the Server User Type text box, enter the ObjectType attribute that identifies the user.

Step 9 In the Retransmit Timeout text box, enter the number of seconds between retransmissions. The valid range is 2 to 30 seconds, and the default value is 2 seconds.

Step 10 Select the Admin Status check box if you want the LDAP server to have administrative privileges.

Step 11 Click Save.

Configuring a TACACS+ Server Template

This page allows you to add a TACACS+ server or make modifications to an existing TACACS+ server template. After these server templates are configured, controller users who log into the controller through the CLI or GUI are authenticated.

To configure a TACACS+ Server template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click TACACS+ Server or choose Security > TACACS+ Server from the left sidebar menu. The Security > TACACS+ Servers page appears. The IP address and the port number and admin of the TACACS+ template are displayed. Also, the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, click Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The TACACS+ Servers template page appears (see Figure 11-23).

Figure 11-23 TACACS+ Server Template

Step 4 Select the server type. The choices are authentication, authorization, or accounting.

Step 5 Use the drop-down list to choose either ASCII or hex shared secret format.

Note Regardless of which format you choose, for security reasons, only ASCII is visible on the WLC (and NCS). For this reason, you cannot use a template to replicate the configuration on a second controller during auto provisioning. Set the key format again in the template in the event a discovered template is applied to another device.

Step 6 Enter the TACACS+ shared secret used by your specified server.

Step 7 Re-enter the shared secret in the Confirm Shared Secret text box.

Step 8 Select the Admin Status check box if you want the TACACS+ server to have administrative privileges.

Step 9 Specify the time in seconds after which the TACACS+ authentication request times out and a retransmission is attempted by the controller.

Step 10 Click Save.

Configuring a Local EAP General Template

This page allows you to specify a timeout value for local EAP. You can then add or make changes to an existing local EAP general template.

Note If any RADIUS servers are configured on the controller, the controller tries to authenticate the wireless clients using the RADIUS servers first. Local EAP is attempted only if no RADIUS servers are found, either because the RADIUS servers timed out or no RADIUS servers were configured. If four RADIUS servers are configured, the controller attempts to authenticate the client with the first RADIUS server, then the second RADIUS server, and then local EAP. If the client attempts to then reauthenticate manually, the controller tries the third RADIUS server, then the fourth RADIUS server, and then local EAP.

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click Local EAP General or choose Security > Local EAP General from the left sidebar menu. The Security > Local EAP General page appears. The number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, click Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The Local EAP General controller template page appears (see Figure 11-24).

Figure 11-24 Local EAP General Template

Step 4 In the Local Auth Active Timeout text box, enter the amount of time (in seconds) that the controller attempts to authenticate wireless clients using local EAP after any pair of configured RADIUS servers fail. The valid range is 1 to 3600 seconds, and the default setting is 1000 seconds.

Step 5 The following values should be adjusted if you are using EAP-FAST, manual password entry, one-time password, or 7920/7921 phones. You must increase the 802.1x timeout values on the controller (default=2 seconds) for the client to obtain the PAC using automatic provisioning. The recommended and default timeout on the Cisco ACS server is 20 seconds.

Note Roaming fails if these values are not set the same across multiple controllers.

•Local EAP Identify Request Timeout =1

•Local EAP Identity Request Maximum Retries=20

•Local EAP Dynamic WEP Key Index=0

•Local EAP Request Timeout=20

•Local EAP Request Maximum Retries=2

Step 6 Click Save.

Configuring a Local EAP Profile Template

This page allows you to add a local EAP profile template or make modifications to an existing template. Local EAP is an authentication method that allows users and wireless clients to be authenticated locally. It is designed for use in remote offices that want to maintain connectivity to wireless clients when the backend system becomes disrupted or the external authentication server goes down. When you enable local EAP, the controller serves as the authentication server and the local user database, thereby removing dependence on an external authentication server. Local EAP retrieves user credentials from the local user database or the LDAP backend database to authenticate users.

Note The LDAP backend database supports only these local EAP methods: EAP-TLS and EAP-FAST with certificates. LEAP and EAP-FAST with PACs are not supported for use with the LDAP backend database.

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click Local EAP Profiles or choose Security > Local EAP Profiles from the left sidebar menu. The Security > Local EAP Profiles page appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. It also shows the EAP profile name and indicates whether LEAP, EAP-FAST, TLS, or PEAP is used. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, click Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The Local EAP Profiles template page appears (see Figure 11-25).

Figure 11-25 Local EAP Profiles Template

Step 4 Each EAP profile must be associated with an authentication type(s). Choose the desired authentication type:

•LEAP—This authentication type leverages Cisco Key Integrity Protocol (CKIP) and MMH message integrity check (MIC) for data protection. A username and password are used to perform mutual authentication with the RADIUS server through the access point.

•EAP-FAST—This authentication type (Flexible Authentication via Secure Tunneling) uses a three-phased tunnel authentication process to provide advanced 802.1X EAP mutual authentication. A username, password, and PAC (protected access credential) are used to perform mutual authentication with the RADIUS server through the access point.

•TLS—This authentication type uses a dynamic session-based WEP key derived from the client adapter and RADIUS server to encrypt data. It requires a client certificate for authentication.

•PEAP—This authentication type is based on EAP-TLS authentication but uses a password instead of a client certificate for authentication. PEAP uses a dynamic session-based WEP key derived from the client adapter and RADIUS server to encrypt data.

Step 5 Use the Certificate Issuer drop-down list to determine whether Cisco or another vendor issued the certificate for authentication. Only EAP-FAST and TLS require a certificate.

Step 6 If you want the incoming certificate from the client to be validated against the certificate authority (CA) certificates on the controller, select the Check Against CA Certificates check box.

Step 7 If you want the common name (CN) in the incoming certificate to be validated against the CA certificates' CN on the controller, select the Verify Certificate CN Identity check box.

Step 8 If you want the controller to verify that the incoming device certificate is still valid and has not expired, select the Check Against Date Validity check box.

Step 9 If a local certificate is required, select the check box.

Step 10 If a client certificate is required, select the check box.

Step 11 Click Save.

Step 12 To enable local EAP, follow these steps:

a. Choose WLAN > WLAN Configuration from the left sidebar menu.

b. Click the profile name of the desired WLAN.

c. Click the Security > AAA Servers tab to access the AAA Servers page.

d. Select the Local EAP Authentication check box to enable local EAP for this WLAN.

Step 13 Click Save.

Configuring an EAP-FAST Template

This authentication type (Flexible Authentication via Secure Tunneling) uses a three-phased tunnel authentication process to provide advanced 802.1X EAP mutual authentication. A username, password, and PAC are used to perform mutual authentication with the RADIUS server through the access point. This page allows you to add an EAP-FAST template or make modifications to an existing EAP-FAST template.

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click EAP-FAST Parameters or choose Security > EAP-FAST Parameters from the left sidebar menu. The Security > EAP-FAST Parameters page appears. The number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, click Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The EAP-FAST Parameters template page appears (see Figure 11-26).

Figure 11-26 EAP-FAST Parameters Template

Step 4 In the Time to Live for the PAC text box, enter the number of days for the PAC to remain viable. The valid range is 1 to 1000 days, and the default setting is 10 days.

Step 5 In the Authority ID text box, enter the authority identifier of the local EAP-FAST server in hexadecimal characters. You can enter up to 32 hexadecimal characters, but you must enter an even number of characters.

Step 6 In the Authority ID text box, enter the ID for the authority identifier of the local EAP-FAST server.

Step 7 In the Authority Info text box, enter the authority identifier of the local EAP-FAST server in text format.

Step 8 In the Server Key and Confirm Server Key fields, enter the key (in hexadecimal characters) used to encrypt and decrypt PACs.

Step 9 If you want to enable anonymous provisioning, select the Anonymous Provision check box. This feature allows PACs to be sent automatically to clients that do not have one during PAC provisioning. If you disable this feature, PACs must be manually provisioned.

Step 10 Click Save.

Configuring a Network User Priority Template

You can specify the order that LDAP and local databases use to retrieve user credential information. This page allows you to add or make modifications to an existing network user credential retrieval priority template.

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click Network Users Priority or choose Security > Network Users Priority from the left sidebar menu. The Security > Network User Credential Retrieval Priority page appears. The network retrieval order and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, click Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The Network Users Priority template page appears (see Figure 11-27).

Figure 11-27 Network User Credential Retrieval Priority Order Template

Step 4 Use the left and right pointing arrows to include or disclude network user credentials in the right page.

Step 5 Use the up and down buttons to determine the order credentials are tried.

Step 6 Click Save.

Configuring a Local Network Users Template

With this template, you can store the credentials (username and password) of all the local network users. These credentials are then used to authenticate the users. For example, local EAP may use the local user database as its backend database to retrieve user credentials. This page allows you to add or make modifications to an existing local network user template. You must create a local net user and define a password when logging in as a web authentication client.

To configure a Local Network Users template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click Local Net Users or choose Security > Local Net Users from the left sidebar menu. The Security > Local Net Users page appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, click Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The Local Net Users template page appears (see Figure 11-28).

Figure 11-28 Local Net Users Template

Step 4 If you keep Import from File enabled, you need to enter a file path or click the Browse button to navigate to the file path. Then continue to Step 11. If you disable the import, continue to Step 5.

Note You can only import a.csv file. Any other file formats are not supported.

The first row in the file is the header. The data in the header is not read by NCS. The header can either be blank or filled. The Cisco NCS reads data from the second row onwards.

Step 5 Enter a username and password.It is mandatory to fill the Username and Password fields in all the rows.

Step 6 Enter a profile. The Profile column if left blank (or filled in with any profile) means a client on any profile can use this account.

Step 7 Enter a description of the profile.

Step 8 Use the drop-down list to choose the SSID which this local user is applied to or choose the any SSID option.

Step 9 Enter a user-defined description of this interface. Skip to Step11.

Step 10 If you want to override the existing template parameter, click to enable this parameter.

Step 11 Click Save.

Guest User Templates

Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad > Security > Guest Users to access the Guest Users list page.

Note To reduce clutter, NCS does not show expired templates by default. You can specify which guest users to filter based on their status (active, scheduled, expired, not active, or none). Use the Select a Status Filter drop-down list to determine the filter criteria.

Note Click the Edit View link to add, remove or reorder columns in the Guest Users table.

This section contains the following sections:

•Configuring a Guest User Template

Configuring a Guest User Template

This page allows you to add a guest user template or make modifications to an existing guest user template. The purpose of a guest user account is to provide a user account for a limited amount of time. A Lobby Ambassador is able to configure a specific time frame for the guest user account to be active. After the specified time period, the guest user account automatically expires. See the "Creating Guest User Accounts" section for further information on guest access.

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click Guest Users or choose Security > Guest Users from the left sidebar menu.The Security > Guest User page appears.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, click Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The Guest Users template page appears (see Figure 11-29).

Figure 11-29 Guest User Template

Step 4 Enter a guest name. Maximum size is 24 characters.

Step 5 Enter a password for this username.

Step 6 Click the Advanced tab.

Step 7 Use the Profile drop-down list to choose the guest user to connect to.

Step 8 Choose a user role for the guest user from the drop-down list. User roles are predefined by the administrator and are associated with the guests' access (such as contractor, customer, partner, vendor, visitor, and so on).

User Role is used to manage the amount of bandwidth allocated to specific users within the network.

Step 9 Define how long the guest user account will be active by choosing either the Limited or Unlimited Lifetime option.

•For the limited option, you choose the period of time that the guest user account is active using the hours and minutes drop-down lists. The default value for Limited is one day (8 hours).

•When Unlimited is chosen, there is no expiration date for the guest account.

Step 10 Choose the area (indoor, outdoor), controller list, or config group to which the guest user traffic is limited from the Apply to drop-down list.

If you choose the controller list option, a list of controller IP addresses appears.

Step 11 (Optionally) Modify the default guest user description on the General tab if necessary.

Step 12 (Optionally) Modify the Disclaimer text on the General tab, if necessary. If you want the supplied text to be the default, select the Make this Disclaimer default check box.

Step 13 Click Save.

Configuring a User Login Policies Template

This page allows you to add a user login template or make modifications to an existing user login policies template. On this template you set the maximum number of concurrent logins that each single user can have.

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click User Login Policies or choose Security > User Login Policies from the left sidebar menu. The Security > User Login Policies page appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, click Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The User Login Policies template page appears (see Figure 11-30).

Figure 11-30 User Login Policies Template

Step 4 You can adjust the maximum number of concurrent logins each single user can have.

Step 5 Click Save to keep this template.

Configuring a MAC Filter Template

This page allows you to add a MAC filter template or make modifications to an existing MAC filter template.

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click MAC Filtering or choose Security > MAC Filtering from the left sidebar menu. The Security > MAC Filtering page appears.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, click Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The MAC Filtering template page appears (see Figure 11-31).

Figure 11-31 MAC Filter Templates

Step 4 If you keep Import From File enabled, you need to enter a file path or click the Browse button to navigate to the file path. The import file must be a CSV file with MAC address, profile name, interface, and description (such as 00:11:22:33:44:55,Profile1,management,test filter). If you disable Import from File, continue to Step 5. Otherwise, skip to Step 8.

The client MAC address appears.

Step 5 Choose the profile name to which this MAC filter is applied or choose the any Profile option.

Step 6 Use the drop-down list to choose from the available interface names.

Step 7 Enter a user-defined description of this interface. Skip to Step 9.

Step 8 If you want to override the existing template parameter, click to enable this parameter.

Step 9 Click Save.

Note You cannot use MAC address in the broadcast range.

Configuring an Access Point or MSE Authorization Template

To add an MSE authorization or make changes to an existing access point or MSE authorization template, follow these steps:

Note These templates are devised for Cisco 11xx/12xx series access points converted from Cisco IOS to lightweight access points or for 1030 access points connecting in bridge mode. See the Cisco Mobility Services Engine Configuration Guide for further information.

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click AP/MSE Authorization or choose Security > AP/MSE Authorization from the left sidebar menu. The Security > AP/LBS Authorization Template appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. This initial page also shows the Base Radio MAC and the certificate type and key. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, click Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The AP/MSE Authorization template page appears (see Figure 11-32).

Figure 11-32 AP/MSE Authorization Templates

Step 4 Select the Import from File check box if you want to import a file containing access point MAC addresses.

Note You can only import a .csv file. The .csv file format parallels the fields in the GUI and therefore includes access point base radio MAC, Type, Certificate Type (MIC or SSC), and key hash (such as 00:00:00:00:00:00, AP, SSC, xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx). Any other file formats are not supported.

Step 5 Enter the file path from where you want to import the file.

Step 6 Click Save.

Note You cannot use MAC address in the broadcast range.

Configuring a Manually Disabled Client Template

This page allows you to add a manually disable client template or make modifications to an existing disabled client template.

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click Disable Clients or choose Security > Disabled Clients from the left sidebar menu. The Security > Disabled Clients page appears.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, click Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The Manually Disabled template page appears (see Figure 11-33).

Figure 11-33 Manually Disabled Clients Template

Step 4 Enter the MAC address of the client you want to disable.

Step 5 Enter a description of the client you are setting to disabled.

Step 6 Click Save.

Note You cannot use MAC address in the broadcast range.

Configuring a Client Exclusion Policies Template

To add a client exclusion policies template or modify an existing client exclusion policies template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click Client Exclusion Policies or choose Security > Client Exclusion Policies from the left sidebar menu. The Security > Client Exclusion Policies page appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, click Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The Client Exclusion Policies template page appears (see Figure 11-34).

Figure 11-34 Policies Template

Step 4 Edit a client exclusion policies template by configuring its parameters. (see Table 11-3)

Table 11-3 Policies Template Parameters
Parameter	Description
Template Name	Enter a name for the client exclusion policy.
Excessive 802.11 Association Failures	Enable to exclude clients with excessive 802.11 association failures.
Excessive 802.11 Authentication Failures	Enable to exclude clients with excessive 802.11 authentication failures.
Excessive 802.1X Authentication Failures	Enable to exclude clients with excessive 802.1X authentication failures.
Excessive 802.11 Web Authentication Failures	Enable to exclude clients with excessive 802.11 web authentication failures.
IP Theft or Reuse	Enable to exclude clients exhibiting IP theft or reuse symptoms.

Step 5 Click Save.

Configuring an Access Point Authentication and MFP Template

Management Frame Protection (MFP) provides for the authentication of 802.11 management frames by the wireless network infrastructure. Management frames can be protected to detect adversaries who are invoking denial of service attacks, flooding the network with associations and probes, interjecting as rogue access points, and affecting the network performance by attacking the QoS and radio measurement frames.

When enabled, the access point protects the management frames it transmits by adding a message integrity check information element (MIC IE) to each frame. Any attempt to copy, alter, or replay the frame invalidates the MIC, causing any receiving access point configured to detect MFP frames to report the discrepancy. An access point must be a member of a WDS to transmit MFP frames.

When MFP detection is enabled, the access point validates every management frame that it receives from other access points in the network. It ensures that the MIC IE is present (when the originator is configured to transmit MFP frames) and matches the content of the management frame. If it receives any frame that does not contain a valid MIC IE from a BSSID belonging to an access point that is configured to transmit MFP frames, it reports the discrepancy to the network management system.

To add or make modifications for the access point authentication and management frame protection (MFP) template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click AP Authentication and MFP or choose Security > AP Authentication and MFP from the left sidebar menu. The Security > AP Authentication Policy Template appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, click Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The AP Authentication and MFP template page appears (see Figure 11-35).

Figure 11-35 AP Authentication Policy Template

Step 4 From the Protection Type drop-down list, choose one of the following authentication policies:

•None: No access point authentication policy.

•AP Authentication: Apply authentication policy.

•MFP: Apply management frame protection.

Alarm trigger threshold appears only when AP authentication is selected as a protection type. Set the number of hits from an alien access point to ignore before raising an alarm.

The valid range is from 1 to 255. The default value is 255.

Step 5 Click Save.

Configuring a Web Authentication Template

With web authentication, guests are automatically redirected to a web authentication page when they launch their browsers. Guests gain access to the WLAN through this web portal. Wireless LAN administrators using this authentication mechanism should have the option of providing unencrypted or encrypted guest access. Guest users can then log into the wireless network using a valid username and password, which is encrypted with SSL. Web authentication accounts may be created locally or managed by a RADIUS server. The Cisco Wireless LAN controllers can be configured to support a web authentication client. You can use this template to replace the Web authentication page provided on the controller.

To add or make modifications to an existing web authentication template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click Web Auth Configuration or choose Security > Web Auth Configuration from the left sidebar menu. The Security > Web Authentication page appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, click Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The Web Authentication template page appears (see Figure 11-36).

Figure 11-36 Web Authentication Configuration Template

Step 4 Choose the appropriate web authentication type from the drop-down list. The choices are default internal, customized web authentication, or external.

•If you choose default internal, you can still alter the page title, message, and redirect URL, as well as whether the logo appears. Continue to Step 5.

•If you choose customized web authentication, click Save and apply this template to the controller. You are prompted to download the web authentication bundle.

Note Before you can choose customized web authentication, you must first download the bundle by going to Config > Controller and choose Download Customized Web Authentication from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go.

•If you choose external, you need to enter the URL you want to redirect to after a successful authentication. For example, if the value entered for this text box is http://www.example.com, the user is directed to the company home page.

Step 5 Click to enable Logo Display if you want your company logo displayed.

Step 6 Enter the title you want displayed on the Web authentication page.

Step 7 Enter the message you want displayed on the Web authentication page.

Step 8 Provide the URL where the user is redirected after a successful authentication. For example, if the value entered for this text box is http://www.example.com, the user would be directed to the company home page.

Step 9 Click Save.

Downloading a Customized Web Authentication Page

You can download a customized Web authentication page to the controller. With a customized web page, you can establish a username and password for user web access.

When downloading customized web authentication, you must follow these strict guidelines:

•Provide a username.

•Provide a password.

•Retain a redirect URL as a hidden input item after extracting from the original URL.

•Extract the action URL and set aside from the original URL.

•Include scripts to decode the return status code.

Before downloading, follow these steps:

Step 1 Download the sample login.html bundle file from the server. The .html file is shown in Figure 11-37. The login page is presented to web users the first time they access the WLAN if web authentication is turned on.

Figure 11-37 Login.html

Step 2 Edit the login.html file and save it as a .tar or .zip file.

Note You can change the text of the Submit button to read Accept terms and conditions and Submit.

Step 3 Make sure you have a Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server available for the download. Keep these guidelines in mind when setting up a TFTP server:

•If you are downloading through the service port, the TFTP server must be on the same subnet as the service port because the service port is not routable. However, if you want to put the TFTP server on a different network while the management port is down, add a static route if the subnet where the service port resides has a gateway (config route add IP address of TFTP server).

•If you are downloading through the distribution system network port, the TFTP server can be on the same or a different subnet because the distribution system port is routable.

•A third-party TFTP server cannot run on the same computer as the NCS because NCS's built-in TFTP server and third-party TFTP server use the same communication port.

Step 4 Download the .tar or .zip file to the controller(s).

Note The controller allows you to download up to 1 MB of a .tar file containing the pages and image files required for the Web authentication display. The 1 MB limit includes the total size of uncompressed files in the bundle.

You can now continue with the download.

Step 5 Copy the file to the default directory on your TFTP server.

Step 6 Choose Configure > Controllers.

Step 7 Choose a controller by clicking the URL for the corresponding IP address. If you select more than one IP address, the customized Web authentication page is downloaded to multiple controllers.

Step 8 From the left sidebar menu, choose System > Commands.

Step 9 From the Upload/Download Commands drop-down list, choose Download Customized Web Auth, and click Go.

Step 10 The IP address of the controller to receive the bundle and the current status are displayed.

Step 11 Choose local machine from the File is Located On parameter. If you know the filename and path relative to the server's root directory, you can also select TFTP server.

Note For a local machine download, either .zip or .tar file options exists, but the NCS does the conversion of .zip to .tar automatically. If you chose a TFTP server download, only .tar files would be specified.

Step 12 Enter the maximum number of times the controller should attempt to download the file in the Maximum Retries parameter.

Step 13 Enter the maximum amount of time in seconds before the controller times out while attempting to download the file in the Timeout parameter.

Step 14 The files are uploaded to the c:\tftp directory. Specify the local file name in that directory or use the Browse button to navigate to it.

Step 15 Click OK.

If the transfer times out, you can simply choose the TFTP server option in the File Is Located On parameter, and the Server File Name is populated for you. The local machine option initiates a two-step operation. First, the local file is copied from the administrator's workstation to NCS's own built-in TFTP server. Then the controller retrieves that file. For later operations, the file is already in the NCS server's TFTP directory, and the download web page now automatically populates the filename.

Step 16 Click the Click here to download a sample tar file link to get an option to open or save the login.tar file.

Step 17 After completing the download, you are directed to the new page and able to authenticate.

Configuring an External Web Auth Server Template

To create or modify an External Web Auth Server template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Templates Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click External Web Auth Server or choose Security > External Web Auth Server from the left sidebar menu. The External Web Auth Server Controller Templates page displays all currently saved External Web Auth Server templates. It also displays the number of controllers and virtual domains to which each template is applied.

Step 3 Click a template name to open the Controller Template list page. From here, you can edit the current template parameters.

Configuring a Security Password Policy Template

This page enables you to determine your security password policy.

To add or make modifications to an existing password policy template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click Password Policy or choose Security > Password Policy from the left sidebar menu. The Security > Password Policy page appears.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, click Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The Password Policy template page appears (see Figure 11-41).

Figure 11-38 Password Policy Template

Step 4 Enter the template name.

Step 5 You can enable or disable the following settings:

•Password must contain characters from at least 3 different classes such as upper case letters , lower case letters, digits, and special characters.

•No character can be repeated more than 3 times consecutively.

•Password cannot be the default words like cisco, admin.

Note Password cannot be "cisco", "ocsic", "admin", "nimda' or any variant obtained by changing the capitalization of letters, or by substituting `1" "|" or "!" for i, or substituting "0" for "o", or substituting "$" for "s".

•Password cannot contain username or reverse of username.

Step 6 Click Save.

Configuring Security - Access Control Templates

This section contains the following topics:

•Configuring an Access Control List Template

•Configuring an ACL IP Groups Template

•Configuring an ACL Protocol Groups Template

Configuring an Access Control List Template

You can create or modify an ACL template for configuring the type of traffic that is allowed, by protocol, direction, and the source or destination of the traffic.

An access control list (ACL) is a set of rules used to limit access to a particular interface (for example, if you want to restrict a wireless client from pinging the management interface of the controller). ACLs can be applied to data traffic to and from wireless clients or to all traffic destined for the controller Central Processing Unit (CPU) and can now support reusable grouped IP addresses and reusable protocols. After ACLs are configured in the template, they can be applied to the management interface, the AP-manager interface, or any of the dynamic interfaces for client data traffic; to the Network Processing Unit (NPU) interface for traffic to the controller CPU; or to a WAN.

To add or modify an existing ACL template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click Access Control Lists or choose Security > Access Control > Access Control Lists in the left sidebar menu. The Security > Access Control List page appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Step 3 To create reusable grouped IP addresses and protocols, choose Access Control > IP Groups from the left sidebar menu.

Step 4 All the IP address groups are listed. One IP address group can have a maximum of 128 IP address and netmask combinations. To define a new IP address group, choose Add IP Group from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To view or modify an existing IP address group, click the URL of the IP address group. The IP address group page opens.

Note For the IP address of any, an any group is predefined.

Step 5 In the ACL IP Groups details page you can edit the current IP group parameters.

•IP Group Name

•IP Address

•Netmask OR CIDR Notation—Enter the Netmask or CIDR Notation and then click Add. The list of IP addresses or Netmasks appears in the List of IP Address/Netmasks text box.

CIDR notation allows you to add a large number of clients that exist in a subnet range by configuring a single client object.

Netmask allows you to set the subnet mask in dotted-decimal notation rather than the CIDR notation for the IP address property.

–Netmask—A range of IP addresses defined so that only machines with IP addresses within the range are allowed to access an Internet service.

–CIDR—Classless InterDomain Routing. A protocol which allows the assignment of Class C IP addresses in multiple contiguous blocks.

•BroadCast/Network

•List of IP Addresses/Netmasks—Use the Move Up and Move Down buttons to rearrange the order of the list items. Use the Delete button to delete any IP address or Netmask.

Step 6 To define an additional protocol that is not a standard predefined one, choose Access Control > Protocol Groups from the left sidebar menu. The protocol groups with their source and destination port and DSCP are displayed.

Step 7 To create a new protocol group, choose Add Protocol Group from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To view or modify an existing protocol group, click the URL of the group. The Protocol Groups page appears (see Figure 11-39).

Figure 11-39 Protocol Groups Controller Template

Step 8 The rule name is provided for the existing rules, or you can now enter a name for a new rule. ACLs are not required to have rules defined. When a packet matches all the parameters of a rule, the action for this rule is exercised.

Step 9 Choose a protocol from the drop-down list:

•Any—All protocols

•TCP—Transmission Control Protocol

•UDP—User Datagram Protocol

•ICMP—Internet Control Message Protocol

•ESP—IP Encapsulating Security Payload

•AH—Authentication Header

•GRE—Generic Routing Encapsulation

•IP—Internet Protocol

•Eth Over IP—Ethernet over Internet Protocol

•Other Port OSPF—Open Shortest Path First

•Other—Any other IANA protocol (http://www.iana.org/)

Step 10 Some protocol choices (such as TCP or UDP) cause additional Source Port and Dest Port GUI elements to appear.

•Source Port—Specify the source of the packets to which this ACL applies. The choices are Any, HTTP, HTTPS, Telnet, RADIUS, DHCP Server, DHCP Client, DNS, L2TP, PPTP control, FTP control, SMTP, SNMP, LDAP, Kerberos, NetBIOS NS, NetBIOS DS, NetBIOS SS, MS Dir Server, Other, and Port Range.

•Dest Port—Specify the destination of the packets to which this ACL applies. The choices are Any, HTTP, HTTPS, Telnet, RADIUS, DHCP Server, DHCP Client, DNS, L2TP, PPTP control, FTP control, SMTP, SNMP, LDAP, Kerberos, NetBIOS NS, NetBIOS DS, NetBIOS SS, MS Dir Server, Other, and Port Range.

Step 11 From the DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Point) drop-down list, choose any or specific. If you choose specific, enter the DSCP (range of 0 to 255).

Note DSCP is a packet header code that can be used to define the quality of service across the Internet.

Step 12 Click Save.

Step 13 You can now create new mappings from the defined IP address groups and protocol groups. To define a new mapping, choose the ACL template to which you want to map the new groups. All ACL mappings appear on the top of the page, and all ACL rules appear on the bottom (see Figure 11-40).

Figure 11-40 Access Control List Rule Mapping

Step 14 To define a new mapping, choose Add Rule Mappings from the Select a command drop-down list. The Add Rule Mapping page appears.

Step 15 Choose the desired IP address groups, protocol groups, direction, and action, and click Add. The new mappings will populate the bottom table.

Step 16 Click Save.

Step 17 You can now automatically generate rules from the rule mappings you created. Choose the mappings for which you want to generate rules, and click Generate. This automatically creates the rules. These rules are generated with contiguous sequence. That is, if rules 1 through 4 are already defined and you add rule 29, it is added as rule 5.

Existing ACL templates are duplicated into a new ACL template. This duplication clones all the ACL rules and mappings defined in the source ACL template.

Configuring an ACL IP Groups Template

To create reusable grouped IP addresses, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Choose Access Control > IP Groups from the left sidebar menu.

Step 3 All the IP address groups are listed. One IP address group can have a maximum of 128 IP address and netmask combinations. To define a new IP address group, choose Add IP Group from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go.

Note For the IP address of any, an any group is predefined.

Step 4 Add or modify the following parameters:

•IP Group Name

•IP Address

•Netmask OR CIDR Notation—Enter the Netmask or CIDR Notation and then click Add. The list of IP addresses or Netmasks appears in the List of IP Addresses/Netmasks text box.

CIDR notation allows the user to add a large number of clients that exist in a subnet range by configuring a single client object.

Netmask allows the user to set the subnet mask in dotted-decimal notation rather than the CIDR notation for the IP address property.

–Netmask—A range of IP addresses defined so that only machines with IP addresses within the range are allowed to access an Internet service.

–CIDR—Classless InterDomain Routing. A protocol which allows the assignment of Class C IP addresses in multiple contiguous blocks.

•BroadCast/Network

•List of IP Addresses/Netmasks—Use the Move Up and Move Down buttons to rearrange the order of the list items. Use the Delete button to delete an IP address or Netmask.

Step 5 Click Save. Once saved, the IP Group appears in the Template List page.

You can create new mappings from the defined IP address groups and protocol groups. To define a new mapping, choose the ACL template to which you want to map the new groups. All ACL mappings appear in the top of the page, and all ACL rules appear in the bottom. See the "Configuring an Access Control List Template" section for more information.

See the "Configuring an ACL Protocol Groups Template" section for information on defining Protocol Groups.

Configuring an ACL Protocol Groups Template

To define an additional protocol that is not a standard predefined one, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Choose Access Control > Protocol Groups from the left sidebar menu.

Step 3 Add or modify the following parameters:

•Rule Name—The rule name is provided for the existing rules, or you can now enter a name for a new rule. ACLs are not required to have rules defined. When a packet matches all the parameters of a rule, the action for this rule is exercised.

Note See the "Configuring an Access Control List Template" section for more information on ACLs.

•Protocol—Choose a protocol from the drop-down list:

–Any—All protocols

–TCP—Transmission Control Protocol

–UDP—User Datagram Protocol

–ICMP—Internet Control Message Protocol

–ESP—IP Encapsulating Security Payload

–AH—Authentication Header

–GRE—Generic Routing Encapsulation

–IP—Internet Protocol

–Eth Over IP—Ethernet over Internet Protocol

–Other Port OSPF—Open Shortest Path First

–Other—Any other IANA protocol (http://www.iana.org/)

•Source Port—Can be Any, HTTP, HTTPS, Telnet, RADIUS, DHCP Server, DHCP Client, DNS, L2TP, PPTP control, FTP control, SMTP, SNMP, LDAP, Kerberos, NetBIOS NS, NetBIOS DS, NetBIOS SS, MS Dir Server, Other and Port Range.

•Dest Port—Destination port. If TCP or UDP is selected, can be Any, HTTP, HTTPS, Telnet, RADIUS, DHCP Server, DHCP Client, DNS, L2TP, PPTP control, FTP control, SMTP, SNMP, LDAP, Kerberos, NetBIOS NS, NetBIOS DS, NetBIOS SS, MS Dir Server, Other and Port Range.

•DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Point)—Choose Any or Specific from the drop-down list. If Specific is selected, enter the DSCP (range of 0 through 255).

Note DSCP is a packet header code that can be used to define the quality of service across the Internet.

Step 4 Click Save. Once saved, the IP Group displays in the Template List page.

See the "Configuring an ACL IP Groups Template" section for information on defining IP Groups.

Configuring Security - CPU Access Control List Templates

This section contains the following topics:

•Configuring a CPU Access Control List (ACL) Template

Configuring a CPU Access Control List (ACL) Template

The existing ACLs established in the "Configuring an Access Control List Template" section is used to set traffic controls between the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and Network Processing Unit (NPU).

To add or modify an existing CPU ACL template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click CPU Access Control Lists or choose Security > CPU Access Control > CPU Access Control List from the left sidebar menu. The Security > CPU Access Control List page appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, click Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The CPU Access Control List template page appears (see Figure 11-41).

Figure 11-41 CPU Access Control List Template

Step 4 If you select the check box to enable CPU ACL, two more parameters appear. When CPU ACL is enabled and applied on the controller, NCS displays the details of the CPU ACL against that controller.

Step 5 From the ACL Name drop-down list, choose a name from the list of defined names.

Step 6 From the CPU ACL Mode drop-down list, choose which data traffic direction this CPU ACL list controls. The choices are the wired side of the data traffic, the wireless side of the data traffic, or both wired and wireless.

Step 7 Click Save.

Configuring Security - Rogue Templates

This section contains the following topics:

•Configuring a Rogue Policies Template

•Configuring a Rogue AP Rules Template

•Configuring a Rogue AP Rule Groups Template

•Configuring a Friendly Access Point Template

Configuring a Rogue Policies Template

This page enables you to configure the rogue policy (for access points and clients) applied to the controller.

To add or modify an existing template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click Rogue Policies or choose Security > Rogue > Rogue Policies from the left sidebar menu. The Security > Rogue Policy Setup page appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, click Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The Rogue Policies template page appears (see Figure 11-42).

Figure 11-42 Rogue Policy Setup Template

Step 4 Determine whether or not the Rogue Location Discovery Protocol (RLDP) is connected to the enterprise wired network. Choose one of the following from the drop-down list:

•Disable—Disables RLDP on all access points.

•All APs—Enables RLDP on all access points.

•Monitor Mode APs—Enables RLDP only on access points in monitor mode.

Note With RLDP, the controller instructs a managed access point to associate with the rogue access point and sends a special packet to the controller. If the controller receives the packet, the rogue access point is connected to the enterprise network. This method works for rogue access points that do not have encryption enabled.

Step 5 Set the expiration timeout (in seconds) for rogue access point entries.

Step 6 Select the Validate rogue clients against AAA check box to enable the AAA validation of rogue clients.

Step 7 Select the Detect and report Adhoc networks check box to enable detection and reporting of rogue clients participating in ad hoc networking.

Step 8 Click Save.

Configuring a Rogue AP Rules Template

Rogue access point rules allow you to define rules to automatically classify rogue access points. NCS applies the rogue access point classification rules to the controllers. These rules can limit a rogue's appearance on maps based on RSSI level (weaker rogue access points are ignored) and time limit (a rogue access point is not flagged unless it is seen for the indicated period of time).

Note Rogue access point rules also help reduce false alarms.

To view current classification rule templates, rule type, and the number of controllers to which they are applied, choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad> Security > Rogue > Rogue AP Rules. If you want to view rogue access point rules, see the "Viewing or Editing Rogue Access Point Rules" section.

Note Rogue classes include the following types:
Malicious Rogue—A detected access point that matches the user-defined malicious rules or has been manually moved from the Friendly AP category.
Friendly Rogue—Known, acknowledged, or trusted access point or a detected access point that matches user-defined friendly rules.
Unclassified Rogue—A detected access point that does not match the malicious or friendly rules.

To add or create a new classification rule template for rogue access points, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 From the left sidebar menu, choose Security > Rogue > Rogue AP Rules. The Rogue AP Rules Controller Template page appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Step 3 From the Select a command drop-down list, choose Add Classification Rule, and click Go. The Rogue AP Rules > New Template page appears (see Figure 11-43). To modify an existing rogue access point rules template or to apply a current template to the controllers, choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad > Security > Rogue > Rogue AP Rules, and click a template name.

Figure 11-43 Rogue AP Rules > New Template Page

Step 4 In the General portion of the page, enter the following parameters:

•Rule Name—Enter a name for the rule in the text box.

•Rule Type—Choose Malicious or Friendly from the drop-down list. A rogue is considered malicious if a detected access point matches the user-defined malicious rules or has been manually moved from the Friendly AP category. A rogue is considered friendly if it is a known, acknowledged, or trusted access point or a detected access point that matches the user-defined Friendly rules.

•Match Type—Choose Match All Conditions or Match Any Condition from the drop-down list.

Step 5 In the Malicious Rogue Classification Rule portion of the page, enter the following parameters.

•Open Authentication—Select the check box to enable open authentication.

•Match Managed AP SSID—Select the check box to enable the matching of a Managed AP SSID.

Note Managed SSIDs are the SSIDs configured for the WLAN and known to the system.

•Match User Configured SSID—Select the check box to enable the matching of User Configured SSIDs.

Note User Configured SSIDs are the SSIDs that are manually added. Enter the User Configured SSIDs (one per line) in the Match User Configured SSID text box.

•Minimum RSSI—Select the check box to enable the Minimum RSSI threshold limit.

Note Enter the minimum RSSI threshold level (dB) in the text box. The detected access point is classified as malicious if it is detected above the indicated RSSI threshold.

•Time Duration—Select the check box to enable the Time Duration limit.

Note Enter the time duration limit (in seconds) in the text box. The detected access point is classified as malicious if it is viewed for a longer period of time than the indicated time limit.

•Minimum Number Rogue Clients—Select the check box to enable the Minimum Number Rogue Clients limit. Enter the minimum number of rogue clients allowed. The detected access point is classified as malicious if the number of clients associated to the detected access point is greater than or equal to the indicated value.

Step 6 Click Save.

Configuring a Rogue AP Rule Groups Template

A rogue access point rule group template allows you to combine more than one rogue access point rule to controllers.

To view current rogue access point rule group templates or create a new rule group, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click Rogue AP Rule Groups or choose Security > Rogue > Rogue AP Rule Groups from the left sidebar menu.

Step 3 From the Select a command drop-down list, click Add Rogue Rule Group.

Step 4 Click Go. The Rogue AP Rule Groups > New Template page appears (see Figure 11-44).

Figure 11-44 Rogue AP Rule Groups > New Template

Note To modify an existing rogue policy template or to apply a current template to controllers, choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad > Security > Rogue > Rogue AP Rule Groups and click a template name. Make the necessary changes to the template and click Save or Apply to Controllers.

Step 5 Enter a name for the rule group in the General portion of the page.

Step 6 To add a Rogue AP rule, click to highlight the rule in the left column. Click Add to move the rule to the right column.

Note Rogue access point rules can be added from the Rogue Access Point Rules section. See the "Configuring a Rogue AP Rules Template" section for more information.

Step 7 To remove a rogue access point rule, click to highlight the rule in the right column. Click Remove to move the rule to the left column.

Step 8 Use the Move Up/Move Down buttons to specify the order in which the rules apply. Highlight the desired rule and click Move Up or Move Down to move it higher or lower in the current list.

Step 9 Click Save to confirm the rogue access point rule list.

Step 10 Click Cancel to close the page without making any changes to the current list.

Note To view and edit the rules applied to a controller, choose Configure > Controller and click the controller name.

Configuring a Friendly Access Point Template

This template allows you to import friendly internal access points. Importing these friendly access points prevents non-lightweight access points from being falsely identified as rogues.

Note Friendly Internal access points were previously referred to as Known APs.

Note The friendly access point screen identifies the access point's MAC address, status, any comments, and whether or not the alarm is suppressed for this access point.

To view or edit the current list of friendly access points, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click Friendly AP or choose Security > Rogue > Friendly AP from the left sidebar menu.

Step 3 From the Select a command drop-down list, choose Add Friendly.

Step 4 Click Go. The Friendly AP page appears (see Figure 11-45).

Note To modify an existing friendly access point, choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad > Security > Rogue > Friendly Internal and click the access point's MAC address. Make the necessary changes to the access point, and click Save.

Figure 11-45 Friendly AP > Add Friendly AP Page

Step 5 Friendly access points can be added by either importing the access point or manually entering the access point information:

•To import an access point using the Import feature:

–Select the Import from File check box.

–Enter the file path or use the Browse button to navigate to the correct file.

•To manually add an access point:

–Unselect the Import from File check box.

–Enter the MAC address for the access point.

Note Use a line break to separate MAC addresses. For example, enter the MAC addresses as follows:
00:00:11:22:33:44
00:00:11:22:33:45
00:00:11:22:33:46

–Choose Internal access point from the Status drop-down list.

–Enter a comment regarding this access point, if necessary.

–Select the Suppress Alarms check box to suppress all alarms for this access point.

•Click Save to confirm this access point or Cancel to close the page without adding the access point to the list.

Configuring 802.11 Templates

This section contains the following topics:

•Configuring Load Balancing Templates

•Configuring Band Selection Templates

•Configuring Media Parameters Controller Templates (802.11a/n)

Configuring Load Balancing Templates

To configure load balancing templates, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click Load Balancing or choose either 802.11 > Load Balancing from the left sidebar menu. The Load Balancing page appears.

Step 3 Enter a value between 1 and 20 for the client window size. The page size becomes part of the algorithm that determines whether an access point is too heavily loaded to accept more client associations:

load-balancing page + client associations on AP with lightest load = load-balancing threshold

In the group of access points accessible to a client device, each access point has a different number of client associations. The access point with the lowest number of clients has the lightest load. The client page size plus the number of clients on the access point with the lightest load forms the threshold. Access points with more client associations than this threshold is considered busy, and clients can associate only to access points with client counts lower than the threshold.

Step 4 Enter a value between 0 and 10 for the max denial count. The denial count sets the maximum number of association denials during load balancing.

Step 5 Click Save.

Configuring Band Selection Templates

To configure band selection templates, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click Band Select or choose either 802.11 > Band Select from the left sidebar menu. The Band Select page appears.

Step 3 Enter a value between 1 and 10 for the probe cycle count. The cycle count sets the number of suppression cycles for a new client. The default cycle count is 2.

Step 4 Enter a value between 1 and 1000 milliseconds for the scan cycle period threshold. This setting determines the time threshold during which new probe requests from a client come from a new scanning cycle. The default cycle threshold is 200 milliseconds.

Step 5 Enter a value between 10 and 200 seconds for the age out suppression parameter. Age-out suppression sets the expiration time for pruning previously known 802.11b/g clients. The default value is 20 seconds. After this time elapses, clients become new and are subject to probe response suppression.

Step 6 Enter a value between 10 and 300 seconds for the age out dual band parameter. The age-out period sets the expiration time for pruning previously known dual-band clients. The default value is 60 seconds. After this time elapses, clients become new and are subject to probe response suppression.

Step 7 Enter a value between -20 and -90 dBm for the acceptable client RSSI parameter. This parameter sets the minimum RSSI for a client to respond to a probe. The default value is -80 dBm.

Step 8 Click Save.

Configuring Media Stream for Controller Templates (802.11)

To configure the media stream for a Controller template for 802.11 Radio, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Scroll down, and under the 802.11 section, click New beside Media Stream. The New Controller Template page appears.

Step 3 In the General section, specify an appropriate name for the template.

Note Template Name is the unique key used to identify the template. A template name is mandatory to distinguish between two templates that have identical key attributes.

Step 4 In the Media Stream Configuration section, specify the following parameters

•Media Stream Name

•Multicast Destination Start IP—Start IP address of the media stream to be multicast

•Multicast Destination End IP—End IP address of the media stream to be multicast

•Maximum Expected Bandwidth—Maximum bandwidth that a media stream can use

Step 5 In the Resource Reservation Control (RRC) Parameters section, specify the following parameters:

•Average Packet Size—Average packet size that a media stream can use

•RRC Periodical Update—Resource Reservation Control calculations that are updated periodically; if disabled, RRC calculations are done only once when a client joins a media stream.

•RRC Priority—Priority of RRC with the highest at 1 and the lowest at 8

•Traffic Profile Violation—Displays if the stream is dropped or put in the best effort queue if the stream violates the QoS video profile

•Policy—Displays if the media stream is admitted or denied.

Step 6 Click Save.

Once saved, the template displays in the Template List page. In the Template List page, you can apply this template to controllers. See the "Applying Controller Templates" section for more information.

Configuring Radio Templates (802.11a/n)

This section contains the following topics:

•Configuring 802.11a/n Parameters Templates

•Configuring Media Parameters Controller Templates (802.11a/n)

•Configuring EDCA Parameters Through a Controller Template (802.11a/n)

•Configuring a Roaming Parameters Template (802.11a/n)

•Configuring an 802.11h Template

•Configuring a High Throughput Template (802.11a/n)

•Configuring CleanAir Controller Templates (802.11a/n)

Configuring 802.11a/n Parameters Templates

To add or modify radio templates, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click Parameters or choose either 802.11a/n > Parameters from the left sidebar menu. The 802.11a/n Parameters Template page appears and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. This initial page also displays the 802.11 network status and the channel and power mode. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, click Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The 802.11a/n Parameters template page appears (see Figure 11-46).

Figure 11-46 802.11a/n Parameters Template

Step 4 Select the check box if you want to enable 802.11a/n network status.

Step 5 Use the ClientLink drop-down list to enable Clientlink on all access point 802.11a/n radios which support ClientLink. Otherwise, choose Disable.

Step 6 Enter a transmitted power threshold between -50 and -80.

Step 7 Enter the amount of time between beacons in kilomicroseconds. The valid range is from 20 to 1000 milliseconds.

Step 8 Enter the number of beacon intervals that may elapse between transmission of beacon frames containing a traffic indicator message (TIM) element whose delivery count text box is 0. This value is transmitted in the DTIM period field of beacon frames. When client devices receive a beacon that contains a DTIM, they normally wake up to check for pending packets. Longer intervals between DTIMS let clients sleep longer and preserve power. Conversely, shorter DTIM periods reduce the delay in receiving packets but use more battery power because clients wake up more often.

Step 9 At the Fragmentation Threshold parameter, determine the size at which packets are fragmented (sent as several pieces instead of as one block). Use a low setting in areas where communication is poor or where there is a great deal of radio interference.

Step 10 Enter the percentage for 802.11e maximum bandwidth.

Step 11 Click if you want short preamble enabled.

Step 12 At the Dynamic Assignment drop-down list, choose one of three modes:

•Automatic - The transmit power is periodically updated for all access points that permit this operation.

•On Demand - Transmit power is updated when the Assign Now button is selected.

•Disabled - No dynamic transmit power assignments occur, and values are set to their global default.

Step 13 Determine if you want to enable Dynamic Tx Power Control. The power levels and available channels are defined by the country code setting and are regulated on a country by country basis.

Step 14 The Assignment Mode drop-down list has three dynamic channel modes:

•Automatic - The channel assignment is periodically updated for all access points that permit this operation. This is also the default mode.

•On Demand - Channel assignments are updated when desired.

•OFF - No dynamic channel assignments occur, and values are set to their global default.

Step 15 At the Avoid Foreign AP Interference check box, select if you want to enable it. Enable this parameter to have RRM consider interference from foreign Cisco access points (those non-Cisco access points outside RF/mobility domain) when assigning channels. This foreign 802.11 interference. Disable this parameter to have RRM ignore this interference.

In certain circumstances with significant interference energy (dB) and load (utilization) from foreign access points, RRM may adjust the channel assignment to avoid these channels (and sometimes adjacent channels) in access points close to the foreign access points. This increases capacity and reduces variability for the Cisco WLAN Solution.

Step 16 Select the Avoid Cisco AP Load check box if you want it enabled. Enable this bandwidth-sensing parameter to have controllers consider the traffic bandwidth used by each access point when assigning channels to access points. Disable this parameter to have RRM ignore this value.

In certain circumstances and with denser deployments, there may not be enough channels to properly create perfect channel re-use. In these circumstances, RRM can assign better re-use patterns to those access points that carry more traffic load.

Step 17 Select the Avoid non 802.11 Noise check box if you want to enable it. Enable this noise-monitoring parameter to have access points avoid channels that have interference from non-access point sources, such as microwave ovens or Bluetooth devices. Disable this parameter to have RRM ignore this interference.

In certain circumstances with significant interference energy (dB) from non-802.11 noise sources, RRM may adjust the channel assignment to avoid these channels (and sometimes adjacent channels) in access points close to the noise sources. This increases capacity and reduces variability for the Cisco WLAN Solution.

Step 18 The Signal Strength Contribution check box is always enabled (not configurable). constantly monitors the relative location of all access points within the RF/mobility domain to ensure near-optimal channel re-use. The net effect is an increase in Cisco WLAN Solution capacity and a reduction in co-channel and adjacent channel interference.

Step 19 The client and controller negotiate data rates between them. If the data rate is set to Mandatory, the client must support it in order to use the network. If a data rate is set as Supported by the controller, any associated client that also supports that same rate may communicate with the access point using that rate. However, it is not required that a client uses all the rates marked supported in order to associate. For each rate, a drop-down list of Mandatory or Supported is available. Each data rate can also be set to Disabled to match client settings.

Step 20 At the Channel List drop-down list in the Noise/Interference/Rogue Monitoring Channels section, choose between all channels, country channels, or DCA channels based on the level of monitoring you want. Dynamic Channel Allocation (DCA) automatically selects a reasonably good channel allocation amongst a set of managed devices connected to the controller.

Step 21 The Cisco Compatible Extension's location measurement interval can only be changed when measurement mode is enabled to broadcast radio measurement requests. When enabled, this enhances the location accuracy of clients.

Step 22 Click Save.

Configuring Media Parameters Controller Templates (802.11a/n)

This page enables you to create or modify a template for configuring 802.11a/n voice parameters such as call admission control and traffic stream metrics.

To add a new template with 802.11a/n voice parameters information (such as call admission control and traffic stream metrics) for a controller, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click New beside the template you want to add.

Step 3 Specify an appropriate name for the template.

Note Template Name is the unique key used to identify the template. A template name is mandatory to distinguish between two templates that have identical key attributes.

Step 4 In the Voice tab, add or modify the following parameters:

•Admission Control (ACM)—Select the check box to enable admission control.

For end users to experience acceptable audio quality during a VoIP phone call, packets must be delivered from one endpoint to another with low latency and low packet loss. To maintain QoS under differing network loads, call admission control (CAC) is required. CAC on an access point allows it to maintain controlled QoS when the network is experiencing congestion and keep the maximum allowed number of calls to an acceptable quantity.

•CAC Method—If Admission Control (ACM) is enabled, specify the CAC method as either load-based or static.

Load-based CAC incorporates a measurement scheme that takes into account the bandwidth consumed by all traffic types from itself, from co-channel access points, and by co-located channel interference. Load-based CAC also covers the additional bandwidth consumption resulting from PHY and channel impairment.

•Maximum Bandwidth Allowed—Specify the percentage of maximum bandwidth allowed. This option is only available when CAC is enabled.

•Reserved Roaming Bandwidth—Specify the percentage of reserved roaming bandwidth. This option is only available when CAC is enabled.

•Expedited Bandwidth—Select the check box to enable expedited bandwidth as an extension of CAC for emergency calls.

You must have an expedited bandwidth IE that is CCXv5 compliant so that a TSPEC request is given higher priority.

•SIP CAC—Select the check box to enable SIP CAC.

SIP CAC should be used only for phones that support status code 17 and do not support TSPEC-based admission control.

•SIP Codec—Specify the codec name you want to use on this radio. The available options are G.711, G.729, and User Defined.

•SIP Call Bandwidth—Specify the bandwidth in kilobits per second that you want to assign per SIP call on the network. This parameter can be configured only when the SIP Codec selected is User Defined.

•SIP Sample Interval—Specify the sample interval in milliseconds that the codec must operate in.

•Max Number of Calls per Radio—Specify the maximum number of calls per Radio.

•Metric Collection—Select the check box to enable metric collection.

Traffic stream metrics are a series of statistics about VoIP over your wireless LAN which inform you of the QoS of the wireless LAN. For the access point to collect measurement values, traffic stream metrics must be enabled. When this is enabled, the controller begins collecting statistical data every 90 seconds for the 802.11b/g interfaces from all associated access points. If you are using VoIP or video, this feature should be enabled.

Step 5 In the Video tab, add or modify the following parameters:

•Admission Control (ACM)—Select the check box to enable admission control.

•Maximum Bandwidth—Specify the percentage of maximum bandwidth allowed. This option is only available when CAC is enabled.

•Reserved Roaming Bandwidth—Specify the percentage of reserved roaming bandwidth. This option is only available when CAC is enabled.

•Unicast Video Redirect—Select the Unicast Video Redirect check box to enable all non-media stream packets in video queue are redirected to the best effort queue. If disabled, all packets with video marking are kept in video queue.

•Client Minimum Phy Rate—Specify the physical data rate required for the client to join a media stream from the Client Minimum Phy Rate drop-down list.

•Multicast Direct Enable—Select the Multicast Direct Enable check box to set the Media Direct for any WLAN with Media Direct enabled on a WLAN on this radio.

•Maximum Number of Streams per Radio—Specify the maximum number of streams per Radio to be allowed.

•Maximum Number of Streams per Client—Specify the maximum number of streams per Client to be allowed.

•Best Effort QOS Admission—Select the Best Effort QOS Admission check box to redirect new client requests to the best effort queue. This happens only if all the video bandwidth has been used.

Note If disabled and maximum video bandwidth has been used, then any new client request is rejected.

Step 6 On the General tab, specify the following parameter:

•Maximum Media Bandwidth (0 to 85%)—Specify the percentage of maximum of bandwidth allowed. This option is only available when CAC is enabled.

Step 7 Click Save.

Configuring EDCA Parameters Through a Controller Template (802.11a/n)

Enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) parameters are designed to provide preferential wireless channel access for voice, video, and other quality of service (QoS) traffic.

To add or configure 802.11a/n EDCA parameters through a controller template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click EDCA Parameters or choose 802.11a/n > EDCA Parameters from the left sidebar menu. The EDCA Parameters Template page appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. This initial page also displays the EDCP profile and the low latency MAC. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, click Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The 802.11a/n EDCA Parameters template page appears (see Figure 11-47).

Figure 11-47 802.11a EDCA Parameters

Step 4 Choose one of the following options from the EDCA Profile drop-down list:

•WMM—Enables the Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM) default parameters. This is the default value. Choose this option when voice or video services are not deployed on your network.

•Spectralink Voice Priority—Enables Spectralink voice priority parameters. Choose this option if Spectralink phones are deployed on your network to improve the quality of calls.

•Voice Optimized—Enables EDCA voice-optimized profile parameters. Choose this option when voice services other than Spectralink are deployed on your network.

•Voice & Video Optimized —Enables EDCA voice- and video-optimized profile parameters. Choose this option when both voice and video services are deployed on your network.

Note Video services must be deployed with admission control (ACM). Video services without ACM are not supported.

Note You must shut down radio interface before configuring EDCA Parameters.

Step 5 Select the Low Latency MAC check box to enable this feature.

Note Enable low latency MAC only if all clients on the network are WMM compliant.

Configuring a Roaming Parameters Template (802.11a/n)

To add or modify an existing roaming parameter template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click Roaming Parameters or choose 802.11a/n > Roaming Parameters from the left sidebar menu. The Roaming Parameters Template appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. This initial page also displays the minimum RSSI, roaming hysteresis, adaptive scan threshold, and transition time. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, click Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The 802.11a/n Roaming Parameters template page appears (see Figure 11-48).

Figure 11-48 802.11 Roaming Parameters Template

Step 4 Use the Mode drop-down list to choose one of the configurable modes: default values and custom values. When the default values option is chosen, the roaming parameters are unavailable with the default values displayed in the text boxes. When the custom values option is selected, the roaming parameters can be edited in the text boxes. To edit the parameters, continue to Step 5.

Step 5 In the Minimum RSSI field, enter a value for the minimum Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) required for the client to associate to an access point. If the client's average received signal power dips below this threshold, reliable communication is usually impossible. Therefore, clients must already have found and roamed to another access point with a stronger signal before the minimum RSSI value is reached.

Range: -80 to -90 dBm

Default: -85 dBm

Step 6 In the Roaming Hysteresis field, enter a value to indicate how strong the signal strength of a neighboring access point must be for the client to roam to it. This parameter is intended to reduce the amount of "ping ponging" between access points if the client is physically located on or near the border between two access points.

Range: 2 to 4 dB

Default: 2 dB

Step 7 In the Adaptive Scan Threshold field, enter the RSSI value from a client's associated access point, below which the client must be able to roam to a neighboring access point within the specified transition time. This parameter also provides a power-save method to minimize the time that the client spends in active or passive scanning. For example, the client can scan slowly when the RSSI is above the threshold and scan more rapidly when below the threshold.

Range: -70 to -77 dB

Default: -72 dB

Step 8 In the Transition Time field, enter the maximum time allowed for the client to detect a suitable neighboring access point to roam to and to complete the roam, whenever the RSSI from the client's associated access point is below the scan threshold.

The Scan Threshold and Transition Time parameters guarantee a minimum level of client roaming performance. Together with the highest expected client speed and roaming hysteresis, these parameters make it possible to design a wireless LAN network that supports roaming simply by ensuring a certain minimum overlap distance between access points.

Range: 1 to 10 seconds

Default: 5 seconds

Step 9 Click Save.

Configuring an 802.11h Template

802.11h informs client devices about channel changes and can limit the client device's transmit power. Create or modify a template for configuration 802.11h parameters (such as power constraint and channel controller announcement) and applying these settings to multiple controllers.

To add or modify an 802.11h template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click 802.11h or choose 802.11a/n > 802.11h from the left sidebar menu.The 802.11h Template appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. This initial page also displays the local power constraint and channel announcement quiet mode. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Figure 11-49 802.11h Template

Step 4 Select the Power Constraint check box if you want the access point to stop transmission on the current channel.

Step 5 Select the Channel Announcement check box to enable channel announcement. Channel announcement is a method in which the access point announces when it is switching to a new channel and the new channel number.

Step 6 Click Save.

Configuring a High Throughput Template (802.11a/n)

To add or modify to an 802.11a/n high throughput template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click High Throughput (802.11n) or choose 802.11a/n > High Throughput from the left sidebar menu. The 802.11n Parameters for 2.4 GHz or 802.11n Parameters for 5 GHz template appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. This initial page also displays the 802.11n network status. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, click Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The 802.11a/n High Throughput template page appears (see Figure 11-50).

Figure 11-50 802.11n Parameters for 2.4GHz Template

Step 4 Select the 802.11n Network Status Enabled check box to enable high throughput.

Step 5 In the MCS (Data Rate) Settings column, choose which level of data rate you want supported. Modulation coding schemes (MCS) are similar to 802.11a data rate. As a default, 20 MHz and short guarded interval is used.

Note When you select the Supported check box, the chosen numbers appear in the Selected MCS Indexes page.

Step 6 Click Save.

Configuring CleanAir Controller Templates (802.11a/n)

Create or modify a template for configuring CleanAir parameters for the 802.11a/n radio. You can configure the template to enable or disable CleanAir, reporting and alarms for the controllers. You can also configure the type of interfering devices to include for reporting and alarms.

To add a new template with 802.11a/n CleanAir information for a controller, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 From the left sidebar menu, choose 802.11a/n > CleanAir. The 802.11a/n CleanAir Controller Templates page displays all currently saved 802.11a/n CleanAir templates. It also displays and the number of controllers and virtual domains to which each template is applied.

Step 3 From the Select a command drop-down list, choose Add a Template, and click Go.

The New Controller Template page appears.

Step 4 Add or modify the following parameters:

•Template Name—Enter the template name.

•CleanAir—Select the check box to enable CleanAir functionality on the 802.11 b/g/n network, or unselect to prevent the controller from detecting spectrum interference.

Note If CleanAir is enabled, the Reporting Configuration and Alarm Configuration sections appear.

•Reporting Configuration—Use the parameters in this section to configure the interferer devices you want to include for your reports.

Report Interferers—Select the report interferers check box to enable CleanAir system to report and detect sources of interference, or unselect it to prevent the controller from reporting interferers. The default value is selected.

Make sure that any sources of interference that need to be detected and reported by the CleanAir system appear in the Interferences to Detect box and any that do not need to be detected appear in the Interferers to Ignore box. Use the > and < buttons to move interference sources between these two boxes. By default, all interference sources are ignored.

•Alarm Configuration—This section enables you to configure triggering of air quality alarms.

–Air Quality Alarm—Select the Air Quality Alarm check box to enable the triggering of air quality alarms, or unselect the box to disable this feature.

–Air Quality Alarm Threshold—If you selected the Air Quality Alarm check box, enter a value between 1 and 100 (inclusive) in the Air Quality Alarm Threshold field to specify the threshold at which you want the air quality alarm to be triggered. When the air quality falls below the threshold level, the alarm is triggered. A value of 1 represents the worst air quality, and 100 represents the best. The default value is 1.

–Interferers For Security Alarm—Select the Interferers For Security Alarm check box to trigger interferer alarms when the controller detects specified device types, or unselect it to disable this feature. The default value is unselected.

–Make sure that any sources of interference that need to trigger interferer alarms appear in the Interferers Selected for Security Alarms box and any that do not need to trigger interferer alarms appear in the Interferers Ignored for Security Alarms box. Use the > and < buttons to move interference sources between these two boxes. By default, all interferer sources for security alarms are ignored.

Step 5 Click Save. Once saved, the template displays in the Template List page. In the Template List page, you can apply this template to controllers. See the "Configuring Controller Templates" section for more information.

Configuring 802.11a/n RRM Templates

This section contains the following topics:

•Configuring an RRM Threshold Template (802.11a/n)

•Configuring an RRM Interval Template (802.11a/n)

•Configuring an RRM Dynamic Channel Allocation Template (802.11a/n)

•Configuring an RRM Transmit Power Control Template (802.11a/n)

Configuring an RRM Threshold Template (802.11a/n)

To add or make modifications to an 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n RRM threshold template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click RRM Thresholds or choose 802.11a/n > RRM Thresholds. The 802.11a/n RRM Thresholds Template appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. This initial page also displays the interference and noise threshold, maximum clients, and RF utilization. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, click Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The 802.11a/n RRM Threshold template page appears (see Figure 11-51).

Figure 11-51 802.11a/n RRM Thresholds Template

Step 4 Enter the minimum number of failed clients currently associated with the controller.

Step 5 Enter the target range of coverage threshold.

Step 6 Enter the Data RSSI (-60 to -90 dBm). This number indicates the value for the minimum Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) for data required for the client to associate to an access point.

Note You must disable the 802.11a/n network before applying these RRM threshold parameters.

Step 7 Enter the Voice RSSI (-60 to -90 dBM). This number indicates the value for the minimum received signal strength indicator (RSSI) required for voice for the client to associate to an access point.

Step 8 Enter the maximum number of failed clients that are currently associated with the controller.

Step 9 At the RF Utilization parameter, enter the percentage of threshold for either 802.11a/n.

Step 10 Enter an interference threshold percentage.

Step 11 Enter a noise threshold between -127 and 0 dBm. When the controller is outside of this threshold, it sends an alarm to NCS.

Step 12 Enter the coverage exception level percentage. When the coverage drops by this percentage from the configured coverage for the minimum number of clients, a coverage hole is generated.

Step 13 Click Save.

Configuring an RRM Interval Template (802.11a/n)

To add or make modifications to an 802.11a/n RRM interval template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click RRM Intervals or choose 802.11a/n > RRM Intervals from the left sidebar menu. The 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n RRM Threshold Template appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. This initial page also displays the neighbor packet frequency, noise measurement interval, and load measurement interval. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Step 3 If you want to add a new template, click Add Template from the Select a command drop-down list, and click Go. To modify an existing template, click the template name. The 802.11a/n or 802.11b/g/n RRM Intervals template page appears (see Figure 11-52).

Figure 11-52 802.11a/n RRM Intervals Template

Step 4 At the Neighbor Packet Frequency parameter, enter the interval at which you want strength measurements taken for each access point. The default is 300 seconds.

Step 5 Enter the interval at which you want noise and interference measurements taken for each access point. The default is 300 seconds.

Step 6 Enter the interval at which you want load measurements taken for each access point. The default is 300 seconds.

Step 7 At the Coverage Measurement Interval parameter, enter at which interval you want coverage measurements taken for each access point. The default is 300 seconds.

Step 8 Click Save.

Configuring an RRM Dynamic Channel Allocation Template (802.11a/n)

The Radio Resource Management (RRM) Dynamic Channel Assignment (DCA) page allows you to choose the DCA channels as well as the channel width for this controller.

RRM DCA supports 802.11n 40-MHz channel width in the 5-GHz band. The higher bandwidth allows radios to achieve higher instantaneous data rates.

Note Choosing a larger bandwidth reduces the non-overlapping channels which could potentially reduce the overall network throughput for certain deployments.

To configure 802.11 a/n RRM DCA template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click DCA or choose 802.11a/n > DCA. The 802.11a/n DCS Template appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Step 4 Add or modify the following parameters:

•Template Name—Enter the template name.

•Assignment Mode—At the Dynamic Assignment drop-down list, choose one of three modes:

–Automatic - The transmit power is periodically updated for all access points that permit this operation.

–On Demand - Transmit power is updated when the Assign Now button is selected.

–Disabled - No dynamic transmit power assignments occur, and values are set to their global default.

•At the Avoid Foreign AP Interference check box, select if you want to enable it. Enable this parameter to have RRM consider interference from foreign Cisco access points (those non-Cisco access points outside RF/mobility domain) when assigning channels. This foreign 802.11 interference. Disable this parameter to have RRM ignore this interference.

•Select the Avoid Cisco AP Load check box if you want it enabled. Enable this bandwidth-sensing parameter to have controllers consider the traffic bandwidth used by each access point when assigning channels to access points. Disable this parameter to have RRM ignore this value.

•Select the Avoid non 802.11 Noise check box if you want to enable it. Enable this noise-monitoring parameter to have access points avoid channels that have interference from non-access point sources, such as microwave ovens or Bluetooth devices. Disable this parameter to have RRM ignore this interference.

•The Signal Strength Contribution check box is always enabled (not configurable). constantly monitors the relative location of all access points within the RF/mobility domain to ensure near-optimal channel re-use. The net effect is an increase in Cisco WLAN Solution capacity and a reduction in co-channel and adjacent channel interference.

•Enable or disable event-driven radio resource management (RRM) using the following parameters. Event Driven RRM is used when a CleanAir-enabled access point detects a significant level of interference.

–Event Driven RRM—Enable or Disable spectrum event-driven RRM. By default, Event Driven RRM is enabled.

–Sensitivity Threshold—If Event Driven RRM is enabled, this field displays the threshold level at which event-driven RRM is triggered. It can have a value of either Low, Medium, or High. When the interference for the access point rises above the threshold level, RRM initiates a local Dynamic Channel Assignment (DCA) run and changes the channel of the affected access point radio if possible to improve network performance. Low represents a decreased sensitivity to changes in the environment while High represents an increased sensitivity.

Step 5 Click Save.

Configuring an RRM Transmit Power Control Template (802.11a/n)

The controller dynamically controls access point transmit power based on real-time wireless LAN conditions. Normally, power can be kept low to gain extra capacity and reduce interference. The controller attempts to balance the access points' transmit power according to how the access points are seen by their third strongest neighbor.

The transmit power control (TPC) algorithm both increases and decreases an access point's power in response to changes in the RF environment. In most instances TPC will seek to lower an access point's power to reduce interference, but in the case of a sudden change in the RF coverage—for example, if an access point fails or becomes disabled—TPC can also increase power on surrounding access points. This feature is different from Coverage Hole Detection, explained below. Coverage hole detection is primarily concerned with clients, while TPC is tasked with providing enough RF power to achieve desired coverage levels while avoiding channel interference between access points.

To configure 802.11a/n RRM TPC template, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click TPC or choose 802.11a/n > TPC. The 802.11a/n TPC Template appears, and the number of controllers and virtual domains that the template is applied to automatically populates. The last column indicates when the template was last saved.

Step 4 Add or modify the following parameters:

•Template Name—Enter the template name.

•Dynamic Assignment—At the Dynamic Assignment drop-down list, choose one of three modes:

–Automatic - The transmit power is periodically updated for all access points that permit this operation.

–On Demand - Transmit power is updated when the Assign Now button is selected.

–Disabled - No dynamic transmit power assignments occur, and values are set to their global default.

•Maximum Power Assignment—Indicates the maximum power assigned.

–Range: -10 to 30 dB

–Default: 30 dB

•Minimum Power Assignment—Indicates the minimum power assigned.

–Range: -10 to 30 dB

–Default: 30 dB

•Dynamic Tx Power Control—Determine if you want to enable Dynamic Tx Power Control.

•Transmitted Power Threshold—Enter a transmitted power threshold between -50 and -80.

•Control Interval—In seconds (read-only).

Step 5 Click Save.

Configuring Radio Templates (802.11b/g/n)

This section contains the following topics:

•Configuring 802.11b/g/n Parameters Templates

•Configuring Media Parameters Controller Templates (802.11b/g/n)

•Configuring EDCA Parameters Controller Templates (802.11b/g/n)

•Configuring Roaming Parameters Controller Templates (802.11b/g/n)

•Configuring High Throughput (802.11n) Controller Templates (802.11b/g/n)

•Configuring CleanAir Controller Templates (802.11 b/g/n)

•Configuring 802.11b/g/n RRM Templates

Configuring 802.11b/g/n Parameters Templates

Create or modify a template for configuring 802.11b/g/n parameters (such as power and channel status, data rates, channel list, and CCX location measurement) and/or applying these settings to controller(s).

To add a new template with 802.11b/g/n parameters information for a controller, follow these steps:

Step 1 Choose Configure > Controller Template Launch Pad.

Step 2 Click New beside the template you want to add.

Step 3 Add or modify the following General parameters:

•Policy Name—Security policy in force.

•802.11b/g Network Status

•Beam Forming—Choose Enable or Disable from the drop-down list.

Note Beam forming refers to a general signal processing technique used to control the directionality of the reception or transmission of a signal.

•Transmitted Power Threshold—The valid range is from -50 to -80.

•Beacon Period—The rate at which the SSID is broadcast by the access point (the amount of time between beacons). The valid range is from 100 to 600 milliseconds.

•DTIM Period—The number of beacon intervals that may elapse between transmission of beacon frames containing a traffic indicator message (TIM) element whose delivery count field is 0. This value is transmitted in the DTIM period field of beacon frames.

When client devices receive a beacon that contains a DTIM, they normally "wake up" to check for pending packets. Longer intervals between DTIMs let clients sleep longer and preserve power. Conversely, shorter DTIM periods reduce the delay in receiving packets but use more battery power because clients wake up more often.

Note DTIM period is not applicable from 5.0.0.0 version of controller.

•Fragmentation Threshold—Determine the size at which packets are fragmented (sent as several pieces instead of as one block). Use a low setting in areas where communication is poor or where there is a great deal of radio interference. The default value is 2346.

•802.11e Max Bandwidth—Percentage for 802.11e max bandwidth. The default value is 100.

Step 4 Add or modify the following 802.11b/g Power Status parameters:

•Dynamic Assignment—Dynamic transmit power assignment has three modes:

–Automatic—The transmit power will be periodically updated for all access points that permit this operation.

–On Demand—Transmit power is updated when the Assign Now button is selected.

–Disabled—No dynamic transmit power assignments occur and value are set to their global default. The default is Automatic.

Note The power levels and available channels are defined by the country code setting and are regulated on a country by country basis.

•Dynamic Tx Power Control—Select this check box to enable DTPC support. If this option is enabled, the transmit power level of the radio is advertised in the beacons and the probe responses.

Step 5 Add or modify the following 802.11b/g Channel Status parameters:

•Assignment Mode—Dynamic channel assignment has three modes:

–Automatic—The channel assignment will be periodically updated for all access points that permit this operation.

–On Demand—Channel assignments are updated when desired.

–Disabled—No dynamic channel assignments occur and value are set to their global default.

Note The default is Automatic.

•Avoid Foreign AP Interference—Enable this foreign 802.11 interference-monitoring parameter to have Radio Resource Management consider interference from foreign (non-Cisco access points outside the RF/mobility domain) access points when assigning channels to Cisco access points.

Disable this parameter to have Radio Resource Management ignore this interference.

Note In certain circumstances with significant interference energy (dB) and load (utilization) from Foreign access points, Radio Resource Management may adjust the channel assignment to avoid these channels (and sometimes adjacent channels) in Cisco access points close to the Foreign access points to increase capacity and reduce variability for the Cisco WLAN Solution.

•Avoid Cisco AP Load—Enable this bandwidth-sensing parameter to have controllers consider the traffic bandwidth used by each access point when assigning channels to access points.

Disable this parameter to have Radio Resource Management ignore this value.

Note In certain circumstances and with denser deployments, there may not be enough channels to properly create perfect channel re-use. In these circumstances, Radio Resource Management can assign better re-use patterns to those APs that carry more traffic load.

•Avoid non 802.11 Noise—Enable this noise-monitoring parameter to have access points avoid channels that have interference from non-Access Point sources, such as microwave ovens or Bluetooth devices.

Disable this parameter to have Radio Resource Management ignore this interference.

Note In certain circumstances with significant interference energy (dB) from non-802.11 noise sources, Radio Resource Management may adjust the channel assignment to avoid these channels (and sometimes adjacent channels) in access points close to the noise sources to increase capacity and reduce variability for the Cisco WLAN Solution.

•Signal Strength Contribution—Check box, always enabled (not configurable). constantly monitors the relative location of all access points within the RF/mobility domain to ensure near-optimal channel re-use. The net effect is an increase in Cisco WLAN Solution capacity and a reduction in co-channel and adjacent channel interference.

Step 6 Add or modify the Data Rate parameters.

The data rates set are negotiated between the client and the controller. If the data rate is set to Mandatory, the client must support it in order to use the network. If a data rate is set as Supported by the controller, any associated client that also supports that same rate may communicate with the access point using that rate. But it is not required that a client be able to use all the rates marked Supported in order to associate. 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54 Mbps For each rate, a drop-down list selection of Mandatory or Supported is available. Each data rate can also be set to Disabled to match Client settings.

Step 7 Add or modify the Noise/Interference/Rogue Monitoring Channels parameters.

Choose between all channels, country channels, or DCA channels based on the level of monitoring you want. Dynamic Channel Allocation (DCA) automatically selects a reasonably good channel allocation among a set of managed devices connected to the controller.

Step 8 Add or modify the CCX Location Measurement parameters:

•Mode—Enable or disable the broadcast radio measurement request. When enabled, this enhances the location accuracy of clients.

•Interval—Interval in seconds between requests.

Note Cisco Compatible Extension location measurement interval can be changed only when measurement mode is enabled.

Step 9 Click Save. Once saved, the template displays in the Template List page. In the Template List page, you can apply this template to controllers. See the "Applying Controller Templates" section for more information.

Configuring Media Parameters Controller Templates (802.11b/g/n)

Create or modify a template for configuring 802.11b/g/n voice parameters such as call admission control and traffic stream metrics.

To add a new template with 802.11b/g/n voice parameters information (such as call admission control and traffic stream metrics) for a controller, follow these steps: