Managing Rogue Devices

Rogue Detection

Rogue Devices

Rogue access points can disrupt wireless LAN operations by hijacking legitimate clients and using plain-text or other denial-of-service or man-in-the-middle attacks. That is, a hacker can use a rogue access point to capture sensitive information, such as usernames and passwords. The hacker can then transmit a series of Clear to Send (CTS) frames. This action mimics an access point, informing a particular client to transmit, and instructing all the other clients to wait, which results in legitimate clients being unable to access network resources. Wireless LAN service providers have a strong interest in banning rogue access points from the air space.

Because rogue access points are inexpensive and readily available, employees sometimes plug unauthorized rogue access points into existing LANs and build ad hoc wireless networks without their IT department's knowledge or consent. These rogue access points can be a serious breach of network security because they can be plugged into a network port behind the corporate firewall. Because employees generally do not enable any security settings on the rogue access point, it is easy for unauthorized users to use the access point to intercept network traffic and hijack client sessions. There is an increased chance of enterprise security breach when wireless users connect to access points in the enterprise network.

The following are some guidelines to manage rogue devices:

  • The access points are designed to serve associated clients. These access points spend relatively less time performing off-channel scanning: about 50 milliseconds on each channel. If you want to detect a large number of rogue APs and clients with high sensitivity, a monitor mode access point must be used. Alternatively, you can reduce the scan intervals from 180 seconds to a lesser value, for example, 120 or 60 seconds, ensuring that the radio goes off-channel more frequently, which improves the chances of rogue detection. However, the access point continues to spend about 50 milliseconds on each channel.

  • Rogue detection is disabled by default for OfficeExtend access points because these access points, which are deployed in a home environment, are likely to detect many rogue devices.

  • Client card implementation might mitigate the effectiveness of containment. This normally happens when a client might quickly reconnect to the network after receiving a "de-association/de-authentication" frame, so it might still be able to pass some traffic. However, the browsing experience of the rogue client would be badly affected when it is contained.

  • It is possible to classify and report rogue access points by using rogue states and user-defined classification rules that enable rogues to automatically move between states.

  • Each controller limits the number of rogue containments to three and six per radio for access points in the monitor mode.

  • When manual containment is performed using configuration, the rogue entry is retained even after the rogue entry expires.

  • When a rogue entry expires, the managed access points are instructed to stop any active containment on it.

  • When Validate Rogue AP Against AAA is enabled, the controller requests the AAA server for rogue AP classification with the configured interval.

  • To validate a Rogue AP against AAA, add the rogue AP MAC to the AAA user-database with relevant delimiter, username, and password being the MAC address with relevant delimiter. The Access-Accept contains the Cisco-AV-pair with one of the following keywords:

    • rogue-ap-state =state


      Note

      Here, state can be either of the types, namely: alert, contain, internal, external, or threat.

    • rogue-ap-class =class


      Note

      Here, class can be either of the types, namely: unclassified, malicious, or friendly.

    The following are the allowed combinations of class or state:

    • unclassified: alert, contain, or threat.

    • malicious: alert, contain, or threat.

    • friendly: alert, internal, or external.

    The Radius Access-Reject for rogue AP AAA validation is ignored.

  • When Validate Rogue Clients Against AAA is enabled, the controller requests the AAA server for rogue client validation only once. As a result, if rogue client validation fails on the first attempt then the rogue client will not be detected as a threat any more. To avoid this, add the valid client entries in the authentication server before enabling Validate Rogue Clients Against AAA.

Restrictions on Rogue Detection

  • Rogue containment is not supported on DFS channels.

A rogue access point is moved to a contained state either automatically or manually. The controller selects the best available access point for containment and pushes the information to the access point. The access point stores the list of containments per radio. For auto containment, you can configure the controller to use only the monitor mode access point. The containment operation occurs in the following two ways:

  • The container access point goes through the list of containments periodically and sends unicast containment frames. For rogue access point containment, the frames are sent only if a rogue client is associated.

  • Whenever a contained rogue activity is detected, containment frames are transmitted.

Individual rogue containment involves sending a sequence of unicast disassociation and deauthentication frames.

From 17.7.1 release onwards, Beacon DS Attack and Beacon Wrong Channel signatures were introduced.

Beacon DS Attack—When managed and rogue APs use the same BSSID, the rogue APs are termed as impersonators. An attacker can add the Direct-Sequence parameter set information element with any channel number. If the added channel number is different from the channel number used by the managed AP, the attack is termed as Beacon DS Attack.

Beacon Wrong Channel—When managed and rogue APs use the same BSSID, the rogue APs are termed as AP impersonators. If an AP impersonator uses a channel number that is different from the one used by the managed AP with the same BSSID, the attack is termed as Beacon Wrong Channel. In such a case, the Direct-Sequence Information Element might not even be present in the Beacon frame.

Cisco Prime Infrastructure Interaction and Rogue Detection

Cisco Prime Infrastructure supports rule-based classification and uses the classification rules configured on the controller. The controller sends traps to Cisco Prime Infrastructure after the following events:

  • If an unknown access point moves to the Friendly state for the first time, the controller sends a trap to Cisco Prime Infrastructure only if the rogue state is Alert. It does not send a trap if the rogue state is Internal or External.

  • If a rogue entry is removed after the timeout expires, the controller sends a trap to Cisco Prime Infrastructure for rogue access points that are categorized as Malicious (Alert, Threat) or Unclassified (Alert). The controller does not remove rogue entries with the following rogue states: Contained, Contained Pending, Internal, and External.

Information About Rogue Containment (Protected Management Frames (PMF) Enabled)

From Cisco IOS XE Amsterdam, 17.3.1 onwards, rogue devices that are enabled with 802.11w Protected Management Frames (PMF) are not contained. Instead, the rogue device is marked as Contained Pending, and a WSA alarm is raised to inform about the Contained Pending event. Because the device containment is not performed, access point (AP) resources are not consumed unnecessarily.


Note

This feature is supported only on the Wave 2 APs.

Run the show wireless wps rogue ap detailed command to verify the device containment, when PMF is enabled on a rogue device.

AP Impersonation Detection

The various methods to detect AP impersonation are:

  • AP impersonation can be detected if a managed AP reports itself as Rogue. This method is always enabled and no configuration is required.

  • AP impersonation detection is based on MFP.

  • AP impersonation detection based on AP authentication.

Infrastructure MFP protects 802.11 session management functions by adding message integrity check (MIC) information elements, to the management frames sent by APs (and not those sent by clients), which are then validated by other APs in the network. If infrastructure MFP is enabled, the managed APs check if the MIC information elements are present and if MIC information elements are as expected. If either of these conditions is not fulfilled, the managed AP sends rogue AP reports with updated AP authentication failure counter.

The AP Authentication functionality allows you to detect AP impersonation. When you enable this functionality, the controller creates an AP domain secret and shares it with other APs in the same network. This allows the APs to authenticate each other.

An AP Authentication information element is attached to beacon and probe response frames. If the AP Authentication information element has an incorrect Signature field, or the timestamp is off, or if the AP Authentication information element is missing, then the AP that has detected such a condition increments the AP authentication failure count field. An impersonation alarm is raised after the AP authentication failure count field breaches its threshold. The rogue AP is classified as Malicious with state Threat.

Run the show wireless wps rogue ap detail command to see when the impersonation is detected due to authentication errors.


Note

Ensure that the ccx aironet-iesupport command is run in all the WLAN procedures, else the BSSID will be detected as a rogue.

For AP impersonation detection, Network Time Protocol (NTP) must be enabled instead of CAPWAP based time, under the AP profile.

Configuring Rogue Detection (GUI)

Procedure

Step 1

Choose Configuration > Tags & Profiles > AP Join.

Step 2

Click the AP Join Profile Name to edit the AP join profile properties.

Step 3

In the Edit AP Join Profile window, click the Rogue AP tab.

Step 4

Check the Rogue Detection check box to enable rogue detection.

Step 5

In the Rogue Detection Minimum RSSI field, enter the RSSI value.

Step 6

In the Rogue Detection Transient Interval field, enter the interval in seconds.

Step 7

In the Rogue Detection Report Interval field, enter the report interval value in seconds.

Step 8

In the Rogue Detection Client Number Threshold field, enter the threshold for rogue client detection.

Step 9

Check the Auto Containment on FlexConnect Standalone check box to enable auto containment.

Step 10

Click Update & Apply to Device.

Configuring Rogue Detection (CLI)

Procedure

  Command or Action Purpose

Step 1

configure terminal

Example:

Device# configure terminal

Enters global configuration mode.

Step 2

ap profile profile-name rogue detection min-rssi rssi in dBm

Example:

Device(config)# ap profile profile1
Device(config)# rogue detection   min-rssi -100

Specify the minimum RSSI value that rogues should have for APs to detect and for rogue entry to be created in the device.

Valid range for the rssi in dBm parameter is –128 dBm to -70 dBm, and the default value is -128 dBm.

Note

 

This feature is applicable to all the AP modes. There can be many rogues with very weak RSSI values that do not provide any valuable information in rogue analysis. Therefore, you can use this option to filter rogues by specifying the minimum RSSI value at which APs should detect rogues.

Step 3

ap profile profile-name rogue detection containment { auto-rate | flex-rate}

Example:

Device(config)# ap profile profile1
Device(config)# rogue detection   containment flex-rate

Specifies the rogue containment options. The auto-rate option enables auto-rate for containment of rogues. The flex-rate option enables rogue containment of standalone FlexConnect APs.

Step 4

ap profile profile-name rogue detection enable

Example:

Device(config)# ap profile profile1
Device(config)# rogue detection enable

Enables rogue detection on all APs.

Step 5

ap profile profile-name rogue detection report-interval time in seconds

Example:

Device(config)# ap profile profile1
Device(config)# rogue detection report-interval 120

Configures rogue report interval for monitor mode Cisco APs.

The valid range for reporting the interval in seconds is 10 seconds to 300 seconds.

In case the controller detects several thousands of rogue APs, it is possible to see the PUBD process causing sustained high CPU. This can be fixed by increasing the Rogue Detection Report Interval from the default 10 to something greater.

Configuring RSSI Deviation Notification Threshold for Rogue APs (CLI)

Procedure

  Command or Action Purpose

Step 1

configure terminal

Example:

Device# configure terminal

Enters global configuration mode.

Step 2

wireless wps rogue ap notify-rssi-deviation

Example:

Device(config)# wireless wps rogue ap notify-rssi-deviation

Configures RSSI deviation notification threshold for Rogue APs.

Step 3

end

Example:

Device(config)# end

Returns to privileged EXEC mode. Alternatively, you can also press Ctrl-Z to exit global configuration mode.

Configuring Management Frame Protection (GUI)

Procedure

Step 1

Choose Configuration > Security > Wireless Protection Policies.

Step 2

In the Rogue Policy tab, under the MFP Configuration section, check the Global MFP State check box and the AP Impersonation Detection check box to enable the global MFP state and the AP impersonation detection, respectively.

Step 3

In the MFP Key Refresh Interval field, specify the refresh interval in hours.

Step 4

Click Apply.

Configuring Management Frame Protection (CLI)

Procedure

  Command or Action Purpose

Step 1

configure terminal

Example:

Device# configure terminal

Enters global configuration mode.

Step 2

wireless wps mfp

Example:

Device(config)# wireless wps mfp

Configures a management frame protection.

Step 3

wireless wps mfp {ap-impersonation | key-refresh-interval}

Example:

Device(config)# wireless wps mfp ap-impersonation
Device(config)# wireless wps mfp key-refresh-interval

Configures ap impersonation detection (or) MFP key refresh interval in hours.

key-refresh-interval—Refers to the MFP key refresh interval in hours. The valid range is from 1 to 24. Default value is 24.

Step 4

end

Example:

Device(config)# end

Saves the configuration and exits configuration mode and returns to privileged EXEC mode.

Enabling Access Point Authentication

Procedure

  Command or Action Purpose

Step 1

configure terminal

Example:

Device# configure terminal

Enters global configuration mode.

Step 2

wireless wps ap-authentication

Example:

Device(config)# wireless wps ap-authentication

Configures the wireless WPS AP authentication.

Step 3

wireless wps ap-authentication threshold threshold

Example:

Device(config)# wireless wps ap-authentication threshold 100

Configures AP neighbor authentication and sets the threshold for AP authentication failures.

Step 4

wlan wlan-name wlan-id SSID-name

Example:

Device(config)# wlan wlan-demo 1 ssid-demo

Configures a WLAN.

Step 5

ccx aironet-iesupport

Example:

Device(config-wlan)# ccx aironet-iesupport

Enables support for Aironet Information Elements on this WLAN.

Step 6

end

Example:

Device# end

Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

Verifying Management Frame Protection

To verify if the Management Frame Protection (MFP) feature is enabled or not, use the following command:

Device# show wireless wps summary
Client Exclusion Policy
  Excessive 802.11-association failures   : unknown
  Excessive 802.11-authentication failures: unknown
  Excessive 802.1x-authentication         : unknown
  IP-theft                                : unknown
  Excessive Web authentication failure    : unknown
  Failed Qos Policy                       : unknown

Management Frame Protection
  Global Infrastructure MFP state : Enabled
  AP Impersonation detection      : Disabled
  Key refresh interval            : 15

To view the MFP details, use the following command:

Device# show wireless wps mfp summary
Management Frame Protection
  Global Infrastructure MFP state : Enabled
  AP Impersonation detection      : Disabled
  Key refresh interval            : 15

Verifying Rogue Events

To verify the rogue event history, run the show wireless wps rogue ap detailed command: 

Device# show wireless wps rogue ap detailed
Rogue Event history

Timestamp                  #Times   Class/State Event                Ctx                       RC
-------------------------- -------- ----------- -------------------- ------------------------- ----
05/10/2021 13:56:46.657434 2        Mal/Threat  FSM_GOTO                                Threat  0x0
05/10/2021 13:56:46.654905 1        Unk/Init    EXPIRE_TIMER_START                        240s  0x0
05/10/2021 13:56:46.654879 1        Unk/Init    AP_IMPERSONATION           DS:1,ch:1,band_id:0  0x0
05/10/2021 13:56:46.654673 1        Unk/Init    RECV_REPORT                   70db.98fc.2680/0  0x0
05/10/2021 13:56:46.654663 1        Unk/Init    INIT_TIMER_START                          180s  0x0
05/10/2021 13:56:46.654608 1        Unk/Init    CREATE                                          0x0


Rogue BSSID                            : 002c.c8c1.096d
Last heard Rogue SSID                  : MarvellAP0d
802.11w PMF required                   : No
Is Rogue an impersonator               : Yes
Beacon Wrong Channel                   : Yes
Beacon DS Attack                       : Yes
Is Rogue on Wired Network              : No
Classification                         : Malicious
Manually Contained                     : No
State                                  : Threat
First Time Rogue was Reported          : 05/10/2021 13:56:46
Last Time Rogue was Reported           : 05/10/2021 13:56:46

Number of clients                      : 0

Verifying Rogue Detection

This section describes the new command for rogue detection.

The following command can be used to verify rogue detection on the device.

Table 1. Verifying Adhoc Rogues Information

Command

Purpose

show wireless wps rogue adhoc detailed mac_address

Displays the detailed information for an Adhoc rogue.

show wireless wps rogue adhoc summary

Displays a list of all Adhoc rogues.
Table 2. Verifying Rogue AP Information

Command

Purpose

show wireless wps rogue ap clients mac_address

Displays the list of all rogue clients associated with a rogue.

show wireless wps rogue ap custom summary

Displays the custom rogue AP information.

show wireless wps rogue ap detailed mac_address

Displays the detailed information for a rogue AP.

show wireless wps rogue ap friendly summary

Displays the friendly rogue AP information.

show wireless wps rogue ap list mac_address

Displays the list of rogue APs detected by a given AP.

show wireless wps rogue ap malicious summary

Displays the malicious rogue AP information.

show wireless wps rogue ap summary

Displays a list of all Rogue APs.

show wireless wps rogue ap unclassified summary

Displays the unclassified rogue AP information.
Table 3. Verifying Rogue Auto-Containment Information

Command

Purpose

show wireless wps rogue auto-contain

Displays the rogue auto-containment information.
Table 4. Verifying Classification Rule Information

Command

Purpose

show wireless wps rogue rule detailed rule_name

Displays the detailed information for a classification rule.

show wireless wps rogue rule summary

Displays the list of all rogue rules.
Table 5. Verifying Rogue Statistics

Command

Purpose

show wireless wps rogue stats

Displays the rogue statistics.
Table 6. Verifying Rogue Client Information

Command

Purpose

show wireless wps rogue client detailed mac_address

Displays detailed information for a Rogue client.
show wireless wps rogue client summary

Displays a list of all the Rogue clients.
Table 7. Verifying Rogue Ignore List

Command

Purpose

show wireless wps rogue ignore-list

Displays the rogue ignore list.

Examples: Rogue Detection Configuration

This example shows how to configure the minimum RSSI that a detected rogue AP needs to be at, to have an entry created in the device: 

Device# configure terminal
Device(config)# ap profile profile1
Device(config)# rogue detection min-rssi -100
Device(config)# end
Device# show wireless wps rogue client summary/show wireless wps rogue ap summary
This example shows how to configure the classification interval: 

Device# configure terminal
Device(config)# ap profile profile1
Device(config)# rogue detection min-transient-time 500
Device(config)# end
Device# show wireless wps rogue client summary/show wireless wps rogue ap summary

Configuring Rogue Policies (GUI)

Procedure

Step 1

Choose Configuration > Security > Wireless Protection Policies.

Step 2

In the Rogue Policies tab, use the Rogue Detection Security Level drop-down to select the security level.

Step 3

In the Expiration timeout for Rogue APs (seconds) field, enter the timeout value.

Step 4

Select the Validate Rogue Clients against AAA check box to validate rogue clients against AAA server.

Step 5

Select the Validate Rogue APs against AAA check box to validate rogue access points against AAA server.

Step 6

In the Rogue Polling Interval (seconds) field, enter the interval to poll the AAA server for rogue information.

Step 7

Select the Detect and Report Adhoc Networks check box to enable detection of rogue adhoc networks.

Step 8

In the Rogue Detection Client Number Threshold field, enter the threshold to generate SNMP trap.

Step 9

In the Auto Contain section, enter the following details.

Step 10

Use the Auto Containment Level drop-down to select the level.

Step 11

Select the Auto Containment only for Monitor Mode APs check box to limit the auto-containment only to monitor mode APs.

Step 12

Select the Rogue on Wire check box to limit the auto-containment only to rogue APs on wire.

Step 13

Select the Using our SSID check box to limit the auto-containment only to rogue APs using one of the SSID configured on the controller.

Step 14

Select the Adhoc Rogue AP check box to limit the auto-containment only to adhoc rogue APs.

Step 15

Click Apply.

Configuring Rogue Policies (CLI)

Procedure

  Command or Action Purpose

Step 1

configure terminal

Example:

Device# configure terminal

Enters global configuration mode.

Step 2

Example:

Device(config)# wireless wps rogue security-level custom

Configures the rogue detection security level.

You can select critical for highly sensitive deployments, custom for customizable security level, high for medium-scale deployments, and low for small-scale deployments.

Step 3

wireless wps rogue ap timeout number of seconds

Example:

Device(config)# wireless wps rogue ap timeout 250

Configures the expiration time for rogue entries, in seconds. Valid range for the time in seconds 240 seconds to 3600 seconds.

Step 4

Example:

Device(config)# wireless wps rogue client aaa

Configures the use of AAA or local database to detect valid MAC addresses.

Step 5

Example:

Device(config)# wireless wps rogue client mse

Configures the use of MSE to detect valid MAC addresses.

Step 6

wireless wps rogue client notify-min-rssi RSSI threshold

Example:

Device(config)# wireless wps rogue client notify-min-rssi -128

Configures the minimum RSSI notification threshold for rogue clients. Valid range for the RSSI threshold in dB is -128 - dB to -70 dB.

Step 7

wireless wps rogue client notify-min-deviation RSSI threshold

Example:

Device(config)# wireless wps rogue client notify-min-deviation 4

Configures the RSSI deviation notification threshold for rogue clients. Valid range for the RSSI threshold in dB is 0 dB to 10 dB.

Step 8

wireless wps rogue ap aaa

Example:

Device(config)# wireless wps rogue ap aaa

Configures the use of AAA or local database to classify rogue AP based on rogue AP MAC addresses.

Step 9

wireless wps rogue ap aaa polling-interval AP AAA Interval

Example:

Device(config)# wireless wps rogue ap aaa polling-interval 120

Configures rogue AP AAA validation interval. The valid range for the AP AAA interval in seconds is 60 seconds to 86400 seconds.

Step 10

wireless wps rogue adhoc

Example:

Device(config)# wireless wps rogue adhoc

Enables detecting and reporting adhoc rogue (IBSS).

Step 11

wireless wps rogue client client-threshold threshold

Example:

Device(config)# wireless wps rogue client client-threshold 100

Configures the rogue client per a rogue AP SNMP trap threshold. The valid range for the threshold is 0 to 256.

Step 12

wireless wps rogue ap init-timer

Example:

Device(config)# wireless wps rogue ap init-timer 180

Configures the init timer for rogue APs. The default timer value is set to 180 seconds.

Note

 

When a rogue AP is detected, an init timer is started and the rules are applied when this timer expires. This allows for rogue AP information to stabilize before applying any rules. However, you can change the value of this timer using this command. For instance, the init timer can be set to 0, if the rules need to be applied as soon as a new rogue AP is detected.

Rogue Detection Security Level

The rogue detection security level configuration allows you to set rogue detection parameters.

The available security levels are:

  • Critical: Basic rogue detection for highly sensitive deployments.

  • High: Basic rogue detection for medium-scale deployments.

  • Low: Basic rogue detection for small-scale deployments.

  • Custom: Default security-level, where all detection parameters are configurable.


Note

When in Critical, High or Low, some rogue parameters are fixed and cannot be configured.

The following table shows parameter details for the three predefined levels:

Table 8. Rogue Detection: Predefined Levels

Parameter

Critical

High

Low

Cleanup Timer

3600

1200

240

AAA Validate Clients

Disabled

Disabled

Disabled

AAA Validate AP

Disabled

Disabled

Disabled

Adhoc Reporting

Enabled

Enabled

Enabled

Monitor-Mode Report Interval

10 seconds

30 seconds

60 seconds

Minimum RSSI

-128 dBm

-80 dBm

-80 dBm

Transient Interval

600 seconds

300 seconds

120 seconds

Auto Contain

Works only on Monitor Mode APs.

Disabled

Disabled

Disabled

Auto Contain Level

1

1

1

Auto Contain Same-SSID

Disabled

Disabled

Disabled

Auto Contain Valid Clients on Rogue AP

Disabled

Disabled

Disabled

Auto Contain Adhoc

Disabled

Disabled

Disabled

Containment Auto-Rate

Enabled

Enabled

Enabled

Validate Clients with CMX

Enabled

Enabled

Enabled

Containment FlexConnect

Enabled

Enabled

Enabled

Setting Rogue Detection Security-level

Follow the procedure given below to set the rogue detection security-level:

Procedure

  Command or Action Purpose

Step 1

configure terminal

Example:

Device# configure terminal

Enters the global configuration mode.

Step 2

wireless wps rogue security-level custom

Example:

Device(config)# wireless wps rogue security-level custom

Configures rogue detection security level as custom.

Step 3

wireless wps rogue security-level low

Example:

Device(config)# wireless wps rogue security-level low

Configures rogue detection security level for basic rogue detection setup for small-scale deployments.

Step 4

wireless wps rogue security-level high

Example:

Device(config)# wireless wps rogue security-level high

Configures rogue detection security level for rogue detection setup for medium-scale deployments.

Step 5

wireless wps rogue security-level critical

Example:

Device(config)# wireless wps rogue security-level critical

Configures rogue detection security level for rogue detection setup for highly sensitive deployments.

Wireless Service Assurance Rogue Events

Wireless Service Assurance (WSA) rogue events, supported in Release 16.12.x and later releases, consist of telemetry notifications for a subset of SNMP traps. WSA rogue events replicate the same information that is part of the corresponding SNMP trap.

For all the exported events, the following details are provided to the wireless service assurance (WSA) infrastructure:

  • MAC address of the rogue AP

  • Details of the managed AP and the radio that detected the rogue AP with strongest RSSI

  • Event-specific data such as SSID, channel for potential honeypot event, and MAC address of the impersonating AP for impersonation event

The WSA rogue events feature can scale up to four times the maximum number of supported APs and half of the maximum number of supported clients.

The WSA rogue events feature is supported on Cisco Catalyst Center and other third-party infrastructure.

Procedure

  Command or Action Purpose

Step 1

configure terminal

Example:

Device# configure terminal

Enters global configuration mode.

Step 2

network-assurance enable

Example:

Device# network-assurance enable

Enables wireless service assurance.

Step 3

wireless wps rogue network-assurance enable

Example:

Device# wireless wps rogue network-assurance enable

Enables wireless service assurance for rogue devices. This ensures that the WSA rogue events are sent to the event queue.

Monitoring Wireless Service Assurance Rogue Events

Procedure

  • show wireless wps rogue stats

    Example:

    Device# show wireless wps rogue stats

WSA Events
  Total WSA Events Triggered            : 9
    ROGUE_POTENTIAL_HONEYPOT_DETECTED   : 2
    ROGUE_POTENTIAL_HONEYPOT_CLEARED    : 3
    ROGUE_AP_IMPERSONATION_DETECTED     : 4
  Total WSA Events Enqueued             : 6
    ROGUE_POTENTIAL_HONEYPOT_DETECTED   : 1
    ROGUE_POTENTIAL_HONEYPOT_CLEARED    : 2
    ROGUE_AP_IMPERSONATION_DETECTED     : 3

    In this example, nine events have been triggered, but only six of them have been enqueued. This is because three events were triggered before the WSA rogue feature was enabled.

  • show wireless wps rogue stats internal

    show wireless wps rogue ap detailed rogue-ap-mac-addr

    These commands show information related to WSA events into the event history.

Rogue Full Scale Quotas and Priorities

Feature History for Rogue Full Scale Quotas and Priorities

This table provides release and related information about the feature explained in this section.

This feature is also available in all the releases subsequent to the one in which they are introduced in, unless noted otherwise.

Table 9. Feature History for Rogue Full Scale Quotas and Priorities

Release

Feature

Feature Information

Cisco IOS XE Cupertino 17.9.1

Rogue Full Scale Quotas and Priorities

The Rogue Full Scale Quotas and Priorities feature helps you to improve the scalability, performance, manageability, and serviceability of rogue Access Points (APs).

Rogue AP Scale Modes Per Class

The following are the modes that determine if a rogue AP is added to the database when it reaches maximum scale:

  • Quota: Quotas are applied to each classification as a percentage of the maximum scale. This means that if a classification has quota X, then X percent of the rogue database is reserved for that classification. If the entire memory of the given classification is used up, the newly reported rogue APs under that classification are dropped.

  • Priority: Priorities are applied to different classifications. When quotas are not configured, priority mode becomes the default mode.

    The priority for each classification is configured as follows:

    The default priority for malicious is highest . The default priority for custom is high . The default priority for unclassified is medium , and the default priority for friendly is low .

    Priorities are only applied when the maximum scale is reached. If a new rogue AP is classified and the maximum scale is reached, it is added to the database only if there are lower-priority rogue APs in the database. In such a case, the newest rogue AP entry of the lowest priority is deleted. Else, if there are no lower-priority rogue APs, the new rogue AP is dropped.

  • Hybrid: Hybrid mode enables the use of quotas and priorities as a combination. Unused quota reserved for higher priority rogue APs are used by rogue APs of lower priority when space is available.

After reaching the maximum scale, if a new rogue AP is classified, the following logic is applied:

  • If the number of stored rogue APs (in the class of the new rogue AP), is below the quota, store the new rogue AP. Delete the newest rogue AP of the classification with the lowest priority that is above the quota.

  • Alternatively, check if there is a class with lower priority and is above the quota than the newly classified rogue AP. If such a class exists, delete the newest rogue AP of that lower-priority classification and store the new rogue AP.

  • If none of the above conditions apply, drop the new rogue AP.

Table 10. Advantages and Disadvantages of Role-Scale Modes

Mode

Advantages

Disadvantages

Quota

Simple to use and understand.

  • Memory is not used efficiently.

  • New rogue APs for a class that is already in its maximum quota are dropped. While the memory reserved for another class that does not have any rogue APs, stays empty.

    For example, this could lead to dropping malicious rogue APs, while there is still memory available.

Priority

  • Simple to use and understand.

  • Utilizes the available memory.

  • Stores the important rogue APs.

Some of the lower-priority rogue AP classes might not be represented in the rogue database, if higher-priority rogue APs utilize all the available memory.

Hybrid

Utilizes the available memory, while providing quotas so that all the classes are represented in the database.

Difficult for users to understand the exact behavior.

Configuring Rogue AP Scale (CLI)

Procedure

  Command or Action Purpose

Step 1

configure terminal

Example:

Device# configure terminal

Enters global configuration mode.

Step 2

[no] wireless wps rogue scale quota malicious percentage-malicious-rogue-AP custom percentage-custom-rogue-AP unclassified percentage-unclassified-rogue-AP friendly percentage-friendly-rogue-AP

Example:

Device(config)# wireless wps rogue scale quota malicious 5 custom 10 unclassified 3 friendly 5

Configures rogue scale quota for malicious, custom, unclassified, and friendly rogue APs. The default value for quota is 0. The sum of all the quotas must be less than or equal to 100 percent.

If the sum of all the configured quotas is equal to 0, then priority mode is used. If the sum of all the quotas is not equal to 0, then quota mode is used. If hybrid mode is configured, hybrid mode is used no matter what the quota configuration is. Hybrid mode with all the quotas equal to 0, is identical to the priority mode.

Note

 

Hybrid mode is enabled after the maximum scale is reached. All the rogue APs are stored before the maximum scale is reached.

Step 3

[no] wireless wps rogue scale priority malicious {high | highest | low | medium} custom {high | highest | low | medium} unclassified {high | highest | low | medium} friendly {high | highest | low | medium}

Example:

Device(config)# wireless wps rogue scale priority malicious highest custom high unclassified medium friendly low

Configures rogue scale priority for malicious, custom, unclassified, and friendly rogue APs. The default value for malicious is highest , the default value for custom is high , the default value for unclassified is medium , and the default value for friendly is low .

Step 4

[no] wireless wps rogue scale mode hybrid

Example:

Device(config)# wireless wps rogue scale mode hybrid

Configures rogue scale hybrid mode. Unused quota reserved for higher-priority rogue APs are used by rogue APs of lower priority when space is available.

Verifying Rogue Scale Details

To verify the rogue scale details, run the following command:

Device# show wireless wps rogue stats
.
.
.
  Total Post Init/Max            : 0/4000
  Total/Max                      : 0/4200
  Init                           : 0
.
.
.
Classification
  Friendly                       : 0/0/0 (Total/Init/Quota[%])
  Malicious                      : 0/0/0 (Total/Init/Quota[%])
  Custom                         : 0/0/0 (Total/Init/Quota[%])
  Unclassified                   : 0/0/0 (Total/Init/Quota[%])
  Unknown                        : 0/0 (Total/Init)
.
.
.
Configured Quotas by Classification
  Custom         : <% of max scale>
  Friendly       : <% of max scale>
  Malicious      : <% of max scale>
  Unclassified   : <% of max scale>

Configured Priorities by Classification
  Custom          :  2 (High)
  Friendly        :  4 (Low)
  Malicious       :  1 (Highest)
  Unclassified    :  3 (Medium)

Configured Rogue Scale Mode: [Priority|Quota|Hybrid]

To view the rogue ad hoc summary, run the following command:

Device# show wireless wps rogue adhoc summary
Detect and report Ad-Hoc Networks : Enabled
Auto-Contain Ad-Hoc Networks      : Disabled
Total Number of Rogue Ad-Hoc      : 0
Friendly Ad-Hoc Rogues            : 0
Malicious Ad-Hoc Rogues           : 0
Custom Ad-Hoc Rogues              : 0
Unclassified Ad-Hoc Rogues        : 0
Unknown Ad-Hoc Rogues             : 0
Client MAC Address   Adhoc BSSID        Classification  State        # APs  Last Heard            
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