- Configuring ATM
- AAL1 CES on AIM-ATM
- DHCP Client on WAN Interfaces
- Lossless Compression and ATM Cell Switching and BITS Clocking
- ATM Multilink PPP Support on Multiple VCs
- ATM OAM Support for F5 Continuity Check
- ATM OAM Ping
- ATM Policing by Service Category for SVC SoftPVC
- Configuring ATM SNMP Trap and OAM Enhancements
- ATM SVC Troubleshooting Enhancements
- ATM Software Segmentation and Reassembly
- Unspecified Bit Rate Plus and ATM Enhancements
- Enhanced Voice and QoS for ADSL and G.SHDSL
- End of Life for Multiprotocol over ATM
- Multiprotocol over ATM Overview
- Configuring the Multiprotocol over ATM Client
- Configuring the Multiprotocol over ATM Server
- Configuring Token Ring LAN Emulation MPOA
- MPLS Diff-Serv-aware Traffic Engineering over ATM
- End of Life for LAN Emulation
- LAN Emulation Overview
- Configuring LAN Emulation
- Configuring Token Ring LAN Emulation
- SNMP Trap Support for the Virtual Switch Interface Master MIB
- VLAN 0 Priority Tagging Support
- Preserve 802.1Q Tagging with 802.1P Marking over ATM PVCs for xDSL Uplinks
- Reuse MAC for ATM Route-Bridge Encapsulation
- Index
- Finding Feature Information
- Prerequisites for Lossless Compression and ATM Cell Switching and BITS Clocking
- Restrictions for Lossless Compression and ATM Cell Switching and BITS Clocking
- Information About Lossless Compression and ATM Cell Switching and BITS Clocking
- How to Configure Lossless Compression and ATM Cell Switching and BITS Clocking
- Additional References for ATM OAM Traffic Reduction
- Feature Information for Lossless Compression and ATM Cell Switching and BITS Clocking
Lossless Compression and ATM Cell Switching and BITS Clocking
The Lossless Compression R1, ATM Cell Switching, and External BITS Clocking Source features introduce a new compression technique in DSP firmware and add enhancements to Cisco IOS that include cell switching on ATM segmentation and reassembly (SAR), and the use of an external BITS clocking source. These features enable Cisco multiservice routers to be used to transparently groom and compress traffic in a wireless service provider network and enable a service provider to optimize the bandwidth used to backhaul the traffic from a cell site to the mobile central office for more efficient use of existing T1 and E1 lines.
- Finding Feature Information
- Prerequisites for Lossless Compression and ATM Cell Switching and BITS Clocking
- Restrictions for Lossless Compression and ATM Cell Switching and BITS Clocking
- Information About Lossless Compression and ATM Cell Switching and BITS Clocking
- How to Configure Lossless Compression and ATM Cell Switching and BITS Clocking
- Additional References for ATM OAM Traffic Reduction
- Feature Information for Lossless Compression and ATM Cell Switching and BITS Clocking
Finding Feature Information
Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and feature information, see Bug Search Tool and the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the feature information table.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Prerequisites for Lossless Compression and ATM Cell Switching and BITS Clocking
You must use a Cisco 3660 or Cisco 3745 with the following components installef:
|
Feature |
Cisco 3660 |
Cisco 3745 |
|---|---|---|
|
Lossless compression R1 |
NM-HDV |
NM-HDV |
|
ATM cell switching |
AIM-ATM or AIM-ATM-VOICE-30 NM-x FE2W with VWIC-x MFT-T1/E1 |
AIM-ATM or AIM-ATM-VOICE-30 NM-x FE2W with VWIC-x MFT-T1/E1 VWIC-x MFT-T1/E1 (on-board WIC slot) |
|
BITS clocking |
NM-HDV NM-x FE2W with VWIC-x MFT-T1/E1 |
NM-HDV NM-x FE2W with VWIC-x MFT-T1/E1 VWIC-x MFT-T1/E1 (on-board WIC slot) |
Restrictions for Lossless Compression and ATM Cell Switching and BITS Clocking
Operations, administration, and maintenance (OAM) cell insertion is not supported on cell-switched PVCs.
AIM-ATM and AIM-ATM-VOICE-30 modules support a maximum of four T1/E1s. This can consist of two incoming and two outgoing, or three incoming and one outgoing T1/E1s. An IMA group cannot be split between multiple AIMs.
Certain combinations of AIM modules can become inoperable when installed in a Cisco 3745. This problem only affects Cisco 3745 routers manufactured before June 11, 2003. See the following link for detailed information about this problem:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/ts/fn/200/fn25194.html
Voice activity detection (VAD) and echo cancellation are disabled when lossless compression is enabled.
Lossless compression R1 is supported for VoATM calls with AAL2 and subcell multiplexing. VoIP calls are not supported at this time.
ATM cell switching is limited to a maximum of 25 connections per AIM-ATM.
Do not configure more than 29 LLCC channels per NM-HDV module. Configuring more than 29 LLCC channels can cause unreliable operation.
J1 controller is not supported.
Traffic policing is not supported.
For Cisco 3660 routers with two NM-HDV modules installed, do not install the modules in the following slot combinations: - Slot 1 and Slot 3
- Slot 2 and Slot 4
- Slot 5 and Slot 6
Using these slot combinations can result in packet loss.
Information About Lossless Compression and ATM Cell Switching and BITS Clocking
The Lossless Compression R1, ATM Cell Switching, and External BITS Clocking Source features work together to groom and compress T1 and E1 traffic between cell sites and a mobile central office. These features require a Cisco 3660 or Cisco 3745 router to be installed at the base transceiver station (BTS). This cell site router performs ATM switching and compression of cell site traffic for transport to the base station controller (BSC). A Cisco MGX 8850 with AUSM and VISM-PR terminates the T1/E1 lines that carry lossless compression codec (LLCC) traffic, converting the traffic back to PCM before passing it to the BSC. The figure below shows a sample topology that makes use of the Lossless Compression R1, ATM Cell Switching, and External BITS Clocking Source features.
To configure the Lossless Compression R1, ATM Cell Switching, and External BITS Clocking Source feature, you should understand the following concepts:
- Lossless Compression Codec on NM-HDV
- ATM Cell Switching on AIM-ATM and AIM-ATM-VOICE-30
- BITS Clocking on the Cisco 3660 and Cisco 3745
Lossless Compression Codec on NM-HDV
The Lossless Compression R1 feature introduces a new compression technique in DSP firmware and the VISM card-- the lossless compression codec (LLCC). LLCC operates in a similar fashion to the existing clear channel codec: the decoded 64kbps PCM stream is a bit-exact replica of the PCM stream provided on the TDM side of the encoding DSP. However, rather than simply packetizing the PCM stream, the LLCC encoder applies a lossless data compression scheme. This results in a net reduction in the data transmission rate, yielding a reduction in the packet transmission rate.
ATM Cell Switching on AIM-ATM and AIM-ATM-VOICE-30
The Cisco ATM Cell Switching feature enables the router to perform cell switching between two ATM connections on AIM-ATM and AIM-ATM-VOICE-30 cards, giving the router the ability to receive ATM traffic from the BTS and backhaul it to the mobile central office.
BITS Clocking on the Cisco 3660 and Cisco 3745
BITS (Building Integrated Timing Supply) network clocking enables a Cisco 3660 or Cisco 3745 router to derive network timing from the central office. BITS must be configured on the cell site router to support this feature.
How to Configure Lossless Compression and ATM Cell Switching and BITS Clocking
The instructions that follow refer to the sample configuration shown in the figure below. With this configuration, the cell site router supports three E1 connections to the BTS. Compressed cellular traffic is transported to the BSC (by way of the Cisco MGX 8850) over the E1 1/0 and E1 1/1 interfaces. Additionally, BITS clocking is derived from E1 1/1.
- Configuring the Cell Site Router for BITS Clocking
- Configuring ATM Cell Switching
- Configuring the Lossless Compression Codec
- Disabling Connection Admission Control
- Verifying Lossless Compression and ATM Cell Switching and BITS Clocking
Configuring the Cell Site Router for BITS Clocking
BITS clocking enables the router at a cell site to derive timing from the mobile central office. BITS clocking ensures that data flows to a single network clock source, preventing mismatches and data slips in traffic between the BTS and the BSC. The procedure that follows configures the AIM to receive BITS clocking from E1 1/1 controller.
To configure the cell site router for BITS clocking, perform the steps in this section.
1.
enable
2.
configure
terminal
3.
network-clock-participate
slot
number
4.
network-clock-select
priority
slot number
5.
controller
t1
|
e1
slot/port
6.
clock
source
{line
[primary
|
bits]
|
internal}
DETAILED STEPS
| Command or Action | Purpose | |
|---|---|---|
| Step 1 |
enable
Example: Router> enable |
Enables privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password when prompted. |
| Step 2 |
configure
terminal
Example: Router# configure terminal |
Enters global configuration mode. |
| Step 3 |
network-clock-participate
slot
number
Example: Router(config)# network-clock-participate slot 1 |
Allows the network module in the specified slot to use the network clock for its timing. |
| Step 4 |
network-clock-select
priority
slot number
Example: Router(config)# network-clock-select 1 E1 1/1 |
Specifies a port to be used as a timing source for the network clock, and the priority level for the use of that port. The source that is given the highest priority is used first; if it becomes unavailable, the source with the second-highest priority is used, and so forth. |
| Step 5 |
controller
t1
|
e1
slot/port
Example: Router(config)# controller e1 1/1 |
Enters controller configuration mode for the selected T1 or E1. |
| Step 6 |
clock
source
{line
[primary
|
bits]
|
internal}
Example: Router(config-controller)# clock source line bits |
Specifies that the clock is generated from the T1 or E1 BITS source. |
Configuring ATM Cell Switching
The procedure that follows configures the cell site router to switch ATM traffic with the Cisco MGX 8850 at the BSC. This procedure configures ATM switching between E1 3/0 and E1 1/0, using the AIM installed in Slot 1.
To configure ATM cell switching, perform the steps in this section.
1.
enable
2.
configure
terminal
3.
network-clock-participate
slot number
4.
network-clock-participate
slot number
5.
network-clock-participate
aim number
6.
controller
t1
|
e1
slot/port
7.
mode
atm
aim
aim-slot
8.
controller
t1
|
e1
slot/port
9.
mode
atm
aim
aim-slot
10.
interface
atm
interface-number
/
subinterface-number
11.
pvc
vpi
/
vci
l2transport
12.
interface
atm
interface-number
/
subinterface-number
13.
pvc
vpi
/
vci
l2transport
14.
connect
id
atm
slot
.
port-1
atm
slot
.
port-2
DETAILED STEPS
Configuring the Lossless Compression Codec
The procedure that follows configures an LLCC voice channel on E1 4/0 and sends it over the ATM network using E1 1/0 and the AIM installed in Slot 1.
To configure the lossless compression codec, perform the steps in this section.
1.
enable
2.
configure
terminal
3.
network-clock-participate
slot
number
4.
network-clock-participate
slot
number
5.
network-clock-participate
aim
number
6.
voice
service
{pots
|
voatm
|
vofr
|
voip}
7.
session
protocol
aal2
8.
subcell-mux
9.
codec
aal2-profile
custom
profile-number
codec
10.
controller
t1
|
e1
slot/port
11.
mode
atm
aim
aim-slot
12.
controller
t1
|
e1
slot/port
13.
ds0-group
ds0-group-number
timeslots
timeslot-list
type
signaling method
14.
interface
atm
interface-number
/subinterface-number
15.
pvc
vpi
/vci
16.
vbr-rt
peak-rate
average-rate burst
17.
encapsulation
aal2
18.
dial-peer
voice
tag
voatm
19.
destination-pattern
string
20.
session
protocol
aal2-trunk
21.
session
target
interface
pvc
vpi/vci
22.
signal-type
cas
|
cept
|
ext-signal
|
transparent
23.
codec
aal2-profile
custom
profile-number
codec
24.
voice-port
{slot-number
/subunit-number
/port
| slot
/port
:ds0-group-no
}
25.
playout-delay
{fax
|
maximum
|
nominal}
milliseconds
26.
connection
{plar
|
tie-line
|
plar-opx}
digits
|
{trunk
digits
[answer-mode]}
DETAILED STEPS
| Command or Action | Purpose | |
|---|---|---|
| Step 1 |
enable
Example:
Router> enable
|
Enables privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password when prompted. |
| Step 2 |
configure
terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
|
Enters global configuration mode. |
| Step 3 |
network-clock-participate
slot
number
Example:
Router(config)# network-clock-participate slot 1
|
Enables the network module in the specified slot to use the network clock for its timing. |
| Step 4 |
network-clock-participate
slot
number
Example:
Router(config)# network-clock-participate slot 4
|
Enables the network module in the specified slot to use the network clock for its timing. |
| Step 5 |
network-clock-participate
aim
number
Example:
Router(config)# network-clock-participate aim 0
|
Specifies that the AIM in Slot 0 will derive clocking from the network source. |
| Step 6 |
voice
service
{pots
|
voatm
|
vofr
|
voip}
Example:
Router(config)# voice service voatm
|
Enters voice service configuration mode and specifies VoATM as the encapsulation type. |
| Step 7 |
session
protocol
aal2
Example:
Router(
config-voi-serv)# session protocol aal2
|
Enters voice-service-session configuration mode and specifies ATM adaptation layer 2 (AAL2) trunking. |
| Step 8 |
subcell-mux
Example:
Router(conf-voi-serv-sess)# subcell-mux
|
Enables AAL2 common part sublayer (CPS) subcell multiplexing. |
| Step 9 |
codec
aal2-profile
custom
profile-number
codec
Example:
Router# codec aal2-profile custom 51 0 0 llcc 40 0 15
|
Sets the codec profile for the DSP on a per-call basis and specifies the lossless compression codec. |
| Step 10 |
controller
t1
|
e1
slot/port
Example: Router(config)# controller e1 1/0 |
Enters controller configuration mode for the selected T1 or E1. |
| Step 11 |
mode
atm
aim
aim-slot
Example: Router(config-controller)# mode atm aim 0 |
Sets the mode of the T1 or E1 controller in AIM Slot 0. |
| Step 12 |
controller
t1
|
e1
slot/port
Example: Router(config)# controller e1 4/0 |
Enters controller configuration mode for the selected T1 or E1. |
| Step 13 |
ds0-group
ds0-group-number
timeslots
timeslot-list
type
signaling method
Example:
Router(config-controller)# ds0-group 0 timeslots 1 type ext-sig
|
Specifies the DS0 time slots that make up a logical voice port on a T1 or E1 controller and specifies the signaling type used by the router. |
| Step 14 |
interface
atm
interface-number
/subinterface-number Example:
Router(config) # interface atm 1/0
|
Enters configuration mode for the selected ATM interface. |
| Step 15 |
pvc
vpi
/vci Example:
Router(config-if-atm)# pvc 10/110
|
Enters configuration mode for the selected PVC. |
| Step 16 |
vbr-rt
peak-rate
average-rate burst
Example:
Router(config-if-atm-pvc)# vbr-rt 1920 1920 255
|
Configures real-time variable bit rate (VBR) for VoATM voice connections. |
| Step 17 |
encapsulation
aal2
Example:
Router(config-if-atm-pvc)# encapsulation aal2
|
Configures the encapsulation type for the ATM virtual circuit. |
| Step 18 |
dial-peer
voice
tag
voatm
Example:
Router(config)# dial-peer voice 1001 voatm
|
Defines a dial-peer and specifies the method of voice encapsulation as VoATM. |
| Step 19 |
destination-pattern
string
Example:
Router(config-dial-peer)# destination-pattern 1001
|
Specifies the prefix to be used by the dial peer. |
| Step 20 |
session
protocol
aal2-trunk
Example:
Router(config-dial-peer)# session protocol aal2-trunk
|
Specifies the dial peer uses AAL2 nonswitched trunk session protocol. |
| Step 21 |
session
target
interface
pvc
vpi/vci
Example:
Router(config-dial-peer)# session target atm 1/0 pvc 10/100 9
|
Specifies the network-specific address for the VoATM dial peer. |
| Step 22 |
signal-type
cas
|
cept
|
ext-signal
|
transparent
Example:
Router(config-dial-peer)# signal-type ext-signal
|
Specifies that external signaling is used when connecting to the dial peer. The DSP does not generate any signaling frames. |
| Step 23 |
codec
aal2-profile
custom
profile-number
codec
Example:
Router(config-dial-peer)# codec aal2-profile custom 51 llcc
|
Sets the codec profile for the DSP on a per-call basis and specifies the lossless compression codec. |
| Step 24 |
voice-port
{slot-number
/subunit-number
/port
| slot
/port
:ds0-group-no
} Example:
Router(config)# voice-port 2/0:0
|
Enters voice-port configuration mode. |
| Step 25 |
playout-delay
{fax
|
maximum
|
nominal}
milliseconds
Example:
Router(config-voice-port)# playout-delay nominal 25
|
Tunes the playout buffer to accommodate packet jitter caused by switches in the WAN. The nominal keyword specifies the initial (and minimum allowed) delay time that the DSP inserts before playing out voice packets, in milliseconds. |
| Step 26 |
connection
{plar
|
tie-line
|
plar-opx}
digits
|
{trunk
digits
[answer-mode]}
Example:
Router(config-voice-port)# connection trunk 1001
|
Associates this voice-port to destination-pattern 1001. |
To ensure that the voice-port configuration takes affect, issue the shutdown command, followed by no shutdown to enable it again.
Note
Disabling Connection Admission Control
Connection admission control (CAC) is a set of actions taken by each ATM switch during connection setup to determine whether the requested QoS will violate the QoS guarantees for established connections. CAC reserves bandwidth for voice calls, however, the bandwidth required when LLCC is used is dynamic and usually less than what is generally reserved by CAC. Disabling CAC may help in better utilization of bandwidth when LLCC is used.
To disable CAC, perform the steps in this section.
1.
enable
2.
configure
terminal
3.
interface
atm
interface-number
/subinterface-number
4.
pvc
vpi
/vci
5.
cac_off
DETAILED STEPS
| Command or Action | Purpose | |
|---|---|---|
| Step 1 |
enable
Example: Router> enable |
Enables privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password when prompted. |
| Step 2 |
configure
terminal
Example: Router# configure terminal |
Enters global configuration mode. |
| Step 3 |
interface
atm
interface-number
/subinterface-number Example:
Router(config) # interface atm 1/0
|
Enters configuration mode for the selected ATM interface. |
| Step 4 |
pvc
vpi
/vci Example:
Router(config-if-atm)# pvc 10/110
|
Enters configuration mode for the selected PVC. |
| Step 5 |
cac_off
Example:
Router# (config-if-atm-vc)# cac_off
|
Disables call admission control. |
Verifying Lossless Compression and ATM Cell Switching and BITS Clocking
To verify the confituration use the following commands.
show connection all
show voice dsp
show voice call port-id
show voice trunk supervisory summary
show interfaces
show connection all
The following example shows output from the show connection allcommand. In this example, Switched-Conn is a cell-switched connection established between PVC 10/110 and PVC 30/130, which are configured under ATM1/0 and ATM3/0 respectively.
Router# show connection all ID Name Segment 1 Segment 2 State ======================================================================== 3 V-100-700 E1 1/0(VOICE) 00 DSP 07/00/00 UP 4 V-120-700 E1 1/2(VOICE) 00 DSP 07/00/00 UP 5 Switched-Conn ATM1/0 10/110 ATM3/0 30/130 UP
The show connection all command displays the state of Switched-Conn. If it is in the UP state, then it means the ATM cell switching connection is operational.
show voice dsp
The following example shows output from the show voice dsp commanf:
Router# show voice dsp DSP DSP DSPWARE CURR BOOT PAK TX/RX TYPE NUM CH CODEC VERSION STATE STATE RST AI VOICEPORT TS ABORT PACK COUNT ==== === == ======== ======= ===== ======= === == ========= == ===== ========== C549 000 04 llcc 4.3.392 busy idle 0 4/0:0 04 0 1752/1752
The show voice dsp command shows if the LLCC codec has been applied to the voice port. Additionally, the TX/RX COUNT indicates if packet exchange is occurring. If LLCC is operational, then TX/RX COUNT will display similar values.
show voice call port-id
The show voice callcommand gives detailed information about the lossless compression codec. The following example shows output from the show voice call commanf:
Note | The show voice call command has a limitation that causes it to display invalid values. To ensure that accurate values are reported, invoke this command twice and look at the second output. |
Router# show voice call 4/0:0
4/0:0 1
vtsp level 0 state = S_CONNECTvpm level 1 state = S_TRUNKED
vpm level 0 state = S_UP
lossless compression summary:
average compression ratio since reset = 50
current compression ratio = 50
max buffer size (ms) = 41
nominal buffer size (ms) = 25
current buffer size (ms) = 26
total encoder input frame count = 5534
total encoder output frame count = 2767
encoded tx front-end compressed frame count = 2767
encoded tx back-end compressed frame count = 0
encoded tx frame count (no compression) = 0
underflow error count = 0
overflow error count = 0
decode error count = 0
tx signalling frame count = 11
rx signalling frame count = 10
rx bad checksum frame count = 0
rx good checksum frame count = 2777
show voice trunk supervisory summary
The following example shows output from the show voice trunk supervisory summary commanf:
Router# show voice trunk supervisory summary SLOW SCAN 4/0:0(1) : state : TRUNK_SC_CCS_CONNECT, master
show interfaces
The following example shows output from the show interfaces commanf:
Router# show interfaces atm1/0
ATM1/0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is ATM AIM E1
MTU 4470 bytes, sub MTU 4470, BW 1920 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
reliability 0/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation ATM, loopback not set
Encapsulation(s): AAL5
255 maximum active VCs, 256 VCs per VP, 0 current VCCs
VC Auto Creation Disabled.
VC idle disconnect time: 300 seconds
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: Per VC Queueing
30 second input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
30 second output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
Additional References for ATM OAM Traffic Reduction
Related Documents
|
Related Topic |
Document Title |
|---|---|
|
Cisco IOS commands |
|
|
ATM commands |
Cisco IOS Asynchronous Transfer Mode Command Reference |
MIBs
|
MIB |
MIBs Link |
|---|---|
|
None |
To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms, Cisco software releases, and feature sets, use Cisco MIB Locator found at the following URL: |
RFCs
|
RFC |
Title |
|---|---|
|
None |
-- |
Technical Assistance
|
Description |
Link |
|---|---|
|
The Cisco Support and Documentation website provides online resources to download documentation, software, and tools. Use these resources to install and configure the software and to troubleshoot and resolve technical issues with Cisco products and technologies. Access to most tools on the Cisco Support and Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password. |
Feature Information for Lossless Compression and ATM Cell Switching and BITS Clocking
The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. This table lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to . An account on Cisco.com is not required.|
Feature Name |
Releases |
Feature Information |
|---|---|---|
|
Lossless Compression R1, ATM Cell Switching, and External BITS Clocking Source |
12.3(4)XD 12.3(7)T |
The Lossless Compression R1, ATM Cell Switching, and External BITS Clocking Source features introduce a new compression technique in DSP firmware and add enhancements to Cisco IOS that include cell switching on ATM segmentation and reassembly (SAR), and the use of an external BITS clocking source. These features enable Cisco multiservice routers to be used to transparently groom and compress traffic in a wireless service provider network and enable a service provider to optimize the bandwidth used to backhaul the traffic from a cell site to the mobile central office for more efficient use of existing T1 and E1 lines. The following commands were introduced or modifief: cac_off, clock source (T1/E1 controller), codec aal2-profile, connect (atm). |
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